Folk Tales托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Folk Tales托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Folk Tales托福聽力原文：

Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class.

Male Professor:Alright,so now we've talked about folk legends,and seen that they're,that one of their key features is,there’s usually some real history behind them.They're often about real people.So you can identify with the characters.And that’s what engages us in them.

The particular stories might not be true,and some of the characters or events might be made up,but there’s still a sense that the story could have been true,since it’s about a real person.That's a distinct contrast from the other main branch of popular storytelling,which is folktales.Folktales are imaginative stories that um,like folk legends,they've been passed down orally,from storyteller to storyteller,for,since ancient times.But with folktales,you don't ever really get the sense that the story might have been true.They're purely imaginative,and so quite revealing—I think,anyway—about the culture,and uh,the connection between folktales and the culture,which we'll talk about.

But first let's go over the various types of folktale,and focus specifically on Norwegian folktales since they illustrate the variety pretty well.There are,in general,three main types of Norwegian folktales.

One is animal stories,where animals are the main characters.They can be wild animals or uh,domestic,and a lot of times they can talk and behave like humans,but at the same time they retain their animal characteristics too.They tend to involve animals like bears,wolves,and foxes.

The point of these stories,their,their internal objective,so to speak,is usually to explain some feature of the animal,how it arose.So there’s one about a fox who fools a bear into going ice fishing with his tail.When the bear puts his tail into the water through a hole in the ice,to try to catch a fish,the ice freezes around it,and he ends up pulling his tail off!So that’s why bears to this day have such short tails.

The second category of Norwegian folktale is the supernatural.Uh,stories about,giants and dragons and trolls,and humans with supernatural powers or gifts.Like invisibility cloaks.Or where people are turned into animals and back again into a person.Those are called transformation stories.

There’s a well-known Norwegian supernatural folktale,a transformation story called“East of the Sun and West of the Moon”.Which we’ll read.It involves a prince who’s a white bear by night and a human by day.And he lives in a castle that’s east of the Sun and west of the Moon—which the heroine of the story has to try to find.

Besides being a good example of a transformation story,this one also has a lot of the common things that tend to show up in folktales.You'll find the standard opening“Once upon a time…,”.And it has stock characters like a prince and a poor but beautiful peasant girl,she’s the heroine I mentioned. And um...it has a very conventional form,so no more than two characters are involved in any one scene.And it has a happy ending.

And it's,the story is presented as though,well,even though a lot of the actions that occur are pretty fantastic,so you’d never think of it as realistic,the characters still act like,they resemble real people.They're not real,or even based on historical figures—but you might have a supernatural tory involving a king,and he’d act like you'd expect a Norwegian king to act.

Ok,the third main kind of folktale is the comical story.We'll say more later about these but for now,just be aware of the category and that they can contain supernatural aspects,but they're usually more playful and amusing overall than supernatural stories.

Now,as I said,traditionally folktales were just passed down orally.Each generation of storytellers had their own style of telling a story.But um…in Norway,before the nineteenth century,folktales were just for kids,they weren't seen as worthy of analysis or academic attention.But this changed when the Romantic movement spread throughout Europe in the mid-nineteenth century.

The romantics looked at folktales as sort of a reflection of the soul of the people,so there was something distinctly Norwegian in folktales from Norway.And there was renewed pride in the literature and art forms of individual countries. As a result,the first collection of Norwegian folktales was published in 1852.And there’ve been many new editions published since then.For the people of Norway,these stories are now an important part of what it means to be Norwegian.

二、Folk Tales托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在文學(xué)課上聽講座的一部分。

男教授：好的，現(xiàn)在我們討論了民間傳說，他們的一個(gè)主要特征是，他們背后通常有一些真實(shí)的歷史。他們經(jīng)常談?wù)撜鎸?shí)的人。這樣你就可以識別角色了。這就是我們參與其中的原因。

特定的故事可能不是真的，一些人物或事件可能是虛構(gòu)的，但人們?nèi)匀挥X得這個(gè)故事可能是真的，因?yàn)樗顷P(guān)于一個(gè)真實(shí)的人的。這與流行故事的另一個(gè)主要分支民間故事形成了鮮明的對比。民間故事是富有想象力的故事，就像民間傳說一樣，自古以來，它們都是口頭流傳下來的，從講故事的人到講故事的人。但對于民間故事，你永遠(yuǎn)不會真正感覺到這個(gè)故事可能是真的。它們純粹是富有想象力的，所以很有啟發(fā)性——我認(rèn)為，不管怎樣，關(guān)于文化，以及民間故事和文化之間的聯(lián)系，我們將討論。

但首先讓我們回顧一下各種類型的民間故事，并特別關(guān)注挪威民間故事，因?yàn)樗鼈兒芎玫卣f明了各種各樣的民間故事。一般來說，挪威民間故事有三種主要類型。

一個(gè)是動物故事，其中動物是主角。它們可以是野生動物，也可以是家畜，很多時(shí)候它們可以像人類一樣說話和行為，但同時(shí)它們也保留了自己的動物特征。它們往往涉及熊、狼和狐貍等動物。

這些故事的要點(diǎn)，它們的，它們的內(nèi)部目標(biāo)，可以說，通常是解釋動物的一些特征，它是如何產(chǎn)生的。所以有一個(gè)故事是關(guān)于一只狐貍愚弄一只熊用尾巴去冰上釣魚。當(dāng)熊通過冰上的一個(gè)洞把尾巴伸進(jìn)水中試圖抓魚時(shí)，冰在它周圍凍結(jié)了，最后他把尾巴扯下來了！所以這就是為什么熊到今天都有這么短的尾巴。

挪威民間故事的第二類是超自然現(xiàn)象。呃，關(guān)于巨人、龍、巨魔和擁有超自然力量或天賦的人類的故事。就像隱形斗篷一樣?；蛘呷俗兂蓜游镉肿兂扇?。這些被稱為轉(zhuǎn)變故事。

挪威有一個(gè)著名的超自然民間故事，一個(gè)叫做“日東月西”的蛻變故事。我們會讀到的。它涉及到一個(gè)王子，他晚上是一只白熊，白天是一個(gè)人。他住在太陽以東月亮以西的一座城堡里，故事中的女主人公必須設(shè)法找到這座城堡。

除了是一個(gè)很好的轉(zhuǎn)型故事的例子外，這本書還有很多民間故事中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的共同點(diǎn)。你會發(fā)現(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的開口“從前……”。它有一些普通的角色，比如王子和一個(gè)貧窮但美麗的農(nóng)家女孩，她就是我提到的女主人公&nbsp；嗯。。。它有一個(gè)非常傳統(tǒng)的形式，所以在任何一個(gè)場景中都不會涉及兩個(gè)以上的角色。它有一個(gè)幸福的結(jié)局。

而且，故事的表現(xiàn)似乎，嗯，即使發(fā)生的很多動作都非常精彩，所以你永遠(yuǎn)不會認(rèn)為它是真實(shí)的，角色的行為仍然像，他們像真實(shí)的人。它們不是真實(shí)的，甚至不是基于歷史人物，但你可能有一個(gè)涉及國王的超自然歷史，他會表現(xiàn)得像你期望的挪威國王一樣。

好的，第三種主要的民間故事是喜劇故事。我們稍后會進(jìn)一步討論這些，但現(xiàn)在，請注意這一類別，它們可以包含超自然的方面，但總體而言，它們比超自然故事更有趣。

正如我所說，傳統(tǒng)的民間故事只是口頭流傳下來的。每一代講故事的人都有自己的故事風(fēng)格。但是，嗯……在挪威，十九世紀(jì)之前，民間故事只適合孩子們看，不值得分析或?qū)W術(shù)關(guān)注。但當(dāng)浪漫主義運(yùn)動在十九世紀(jì)中葉傳遍整個(gè)歐洲時(shí)，情況發(fā)生了變化。

浪漫主義者將民間故事視為人們靈魂的某種反映，因此挪威民間故事中有一些明顯的挪威特色。人們對各個(gè)國家的文學(xué)和藝術(shù)形式重新感到自豪&nbsp；因此，1852年出版了第一本挪威民間故事集。從那以后，出版了許多新版本。對于挪威人民來說，這些故事現(xiàn)在是挪威人意義的重要組成部分。

三、Folk Tales托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The role played by folktales in contemporary Norwegian society

B.A description of the major types of Norwegian folktales

C.A comparison of Norwegian folktales and Norwegian folk legends

D.An illustration of the differences between oral literature and written literature

Q2:2.What does the professor find appealing about folk legends?

A.They are very imaginative.

B.They are somewhat realistic.

C.They stress what is important in a culture.

D.They show similarities between otherwise diverse societies.

Q3:3.How is the story of the bear and the fox characteristic of Norwegian animal stories?

A.It explains the origin of a physical characteristic of an animal.

B.It uses animal behavior to explain human characteristics.

C.It shows how animals were domesticated by people.

D.It contains episodes of animals changing into people.

Q4:4.Why does the professor mention a folktale called“East of the Sun and West of the Moon”?[Click on two answers.]

A.To point out conventions found in most folktales

B.To point out differences between animals stories and comical stories

C.To give an example of a transformation story

D.To give an example of a story published in the first collection of Norwegian folktales

Q5:5.What does the professor say about the characters in Norwegian folktales?

A.They usually behave in playful and amusing ways.

B.They usually behave the way that real Norwegian people behave.

C.Most are giants,trolls,or dragons.

D.Most are based on actual historical figures.

Q6:6.What does the professor imply happened as a result of the Romantic movement’s spreading to Norway?

A.Children’s literature became less popular.

B.Attempts were made to modernize the plots of traditional folktales.

C.Folktales began to be regarded as an important aspect of Norwegian culture.

D.Folktales in Norway became more similar to folktales from other parts of Europe.

四、Folk Tales托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：B

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：AC

A5:正確答案：B

A6:正確答案：C

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