Antikythera Mechanism托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Antikythera Mechanism托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案,關(guān)于這個問題中國教育在線外語平臺小編就簡單為大家說一下。

一、Antikythera Mechanism托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an archaeology class.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:I was talking to one of my colleagues in the physics department the other day,and we ended up discussing how one discovery can change everything.My colleague mentioned how the theory of relativity completely changed the field of physics.

At any rate,that conversation got me thinking about archaeological finds that really changed our understanding of ancient civilizations,so I want to talk about the discovery of the Antikythera Mechanism.The Antikythera Mechanism was found a hundred years ago,underwater in an ancient Greek shipwreck in the Mediterranean Sea.It was in extremely poor condition and in many corroded pieces—but once we figured out what it was and reconstructed it,well,I simply don't have the words to convey how extraordinary this find was.The Antikythera Mechanism is a relatively small device—roughly the size of a shoebox—made of gears fitted inside a wooden case.In its original state,there were rotating dials and other indicators on the top with letters and drawings showing the Sun,the phases of the Moon,and different constellations.Inside the box bronze gears would've rotated the displays.

The displays—uh,the indicators of the Antikythera Mechanism would then move to show the motion of the Sun and the Moon relative to the planets and stars.The device could be used to tell the different phases of the Moon and much more.Well,scientists have recently analyzed the inscriptions on the mechanism andWhat makes that so fascinating is that before we found the Antikythera Mechanism,the earliest device we had that could track the Sun and Moon like this was invented over a thousand years later!So when this was first found,people literally would not believe it. Some of my colleagues insisted it had to have been made well after 100 B.C.E.,but the physical evidence was conclusive—it was that old.

Of course,part of what made this find so unusual is that the Antikythera Mechanism is constructed of bronze.It's not that bronze was all that rare in Greece then—it's just that bronze was valuable and could easily be recycled.It would have been relatively easy for a person with knowledge of metals to melt down bronze objects and forge them into,oh,say,coins—bronze was used to make money back then—or mold the bronze into anything else of value,for that matter.

We're very fortunate that the device ended up underwater—because otherwise it probably would have ended up recycled into who-knows-what.Now,it was a challenge to figure out the Antikythera Mechanism?it spent over two thousand years at the bottom of the sea before it was discovered,

and even after it was discovered,it was still a number of years before we really understood what it was. You see,the mechanism had corroded under water and many of the gears were stuck together in a mass.Cleaning it was only partly successful. We could only get a good look at the structure of the gears after gamma rays were used to see inside?mm,very similar to the way X-rays are used to see your bones.

Now,once we got a look inside,we saw a really complex device.The many gears not only moved in a way that could indicate the phases of the Moon,the Antikythera Mechanism also tracked both the lunar year and the solar year. Additionally,the gears also moved to match the motions of the planets and predicted eclipses!But one thing that is particularly notable is that the mechanism was so precise that it even took into account a particular irregularity in the Moon's orbit—which requires some very complex math to replicate in a mechanical device.

You could say that the Antikythera Mechanism was a very precise calendar.Which stands to reason—calendars were very important to ancient peoples.Religious festivals had to be held at the right time of year,crops needed to be planted at the right time as well,and let's not forget that eclipses and planetary motions had important symbolic meanings.

二、Antikythera Mechanism托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在考古學(xué)課上聽一節(jié)課的一部分。

女教授：前幾天我和物理系的一位同事談過，最后我們討論了一個發(fā)現(xiàn)如何改變一切。我的同事提到相對論是如何徹底改變物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的。

無論如何，那次談話讓我想到了真正改變了我們對古代文明理解的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以我想談?wù)凙ntikythera機制的發(fā)現(xiàn)。安提基西拉機制是一百年前在地中海一艘古希臘沉船的水下發(fā)現(xiàn)的。它的狀況極差，有許多被腐蝕的碎片，但一旦我們弄清楚它是什么并重建了它，我簡直無法用語言來表達這一發(fā)現(xiàn)有多么不同尋常。Antikythera機械裝置是一種相對較小的裝置，大小約為鞋盒大小，由裝在木箱中的齒輪制成。在最初的狀態(tài)下，頂部有旋轉(zhuǎn)的刻度盤和其他指示器，上面有字母和圖形，顯示太陽、月亮的相位和不同的星座。盒子里的青銅齒輪會旋轉(zhuǎn)顯示器。

顯示器，呃，安提基西拉機制的指示器會移動，以顯示太陽和月亮相對于行星和恒星的運動。該設(shè)備可以用來辨別月球的不同相位，甚至更多。嗯，科學(xué)家最近分析了這個機制上的銘文，讓人如此著迷的是，在我們發(fā)現(xiàn)安提基西拉機制之前，我們擁有的最早的可以像這樣跟蹤太陽和月亮的設(shè)備是在一千多年后發(fā)明的！因此，當這一現(xiàn)象首次被發(fā)現(xiàn)時，人們簡直不敢相信；我的一些同事堅持認為，它必須是在公元前100年之后制作的，但物證確鑿，它就是那么古老。

當然，讓這一發(fā)現(xiàn)如此不同尋常的部分原因是，Antikythera機構(gòu)是用青銅建造的。并不是說青銅在希臘非常罕見，而是因為青銅很值錢，而且很容易回收利用。對一個有金屬知識的人來說，熔化青銅制品并將其鍛造成硬幣相對容易。哦，比方說，當時青銅是用來賺錢的，或者把青銅鑄成其他有價值的東西。

我們非常幸運的是，該設(shè)備最終被置于水下，否則它很可能會被回收到；誰知道呢?，F(xiàn)在，弄清楚Antikythera機制是一個挑戰(zhàn)？它在海底度過了兩千多年才被發(fā)現(xiàn)，

即使在它被發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，我們?nèi)匀恍枰獢?shù)年的時間才能真正理解它是什么；你看，機械裝置在水下腐蝕了，許多齒輪粘在一起成了一團。清理它只是部分成功&nbsp；在伽馬射線被用來觀察齒輪內(nèi)部后，我們才能很好地觀察齒輪的結(jié)構(gòu)？嗯，很像用X射線看骨頭的方式。

現(xiàn)在，我們一看里面，就看到了一個非常復(fù)雜的設(shè)備。許多齒輪的移動方式不僅可以指示月球的相位，安蒂基西拉機構(gòu)還可以跟蹤農(nóng)歷年和太陽年；此外，齒輪也移動以匹配行星的運動和預(yù)測的日食！但有一點特別值得注意的是，該機制非常精確，甚至考慮到了月球軌道的特殊不規(guī)則性，這需要一些非常復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)才能在機械設(shè)備中復(fù)制。

你可以說Antikythera機制是一個非常精確的日歷。這說明歷法對古代人來說非常重要。宗教節(jié)日必須在一年中正確的時間舉行，農(nóng)作物也需要在正確的時間種植，我們不要忘記日食和行星運動具有重要的象征意義。

三、Antikythera Mechanism托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The methods archaeologists used to reconstruct the Antikythera Mechanism

B.The influence the Antikythera Mechanism has had on the study of physics

C.A research project in the combined fields of archaeology,physics,and mathematics

D.An archaeological discovery that challenged an accepted historical view

Q2:2.According to the professor,how did the Antikythera Mechanism work?

A.Dials on the device could be turned to calculate a ship’s location at sea.

B.The device was used to operate a larger computing system.

C.A system of gears rotated the images located on the case.

D.Light from the Sun illuminated particular indicators on the case throughout the day.

Q3:3.What is the professor's attitude about the proposition that the Antikythera Mechanism is over two thousand years old?

A.She is confident that the dating is accurate.

B.She is sure the dating will be revised in the future.

C.She is surprised that the dating remains inconclusive.

D.She believes that additional testing will be needed to confirm the dating.

Q4:4.According to the professor,why is it unusual to discover a bronze artifact from ancient Greece?

A.Bronze objects were often recycled.

B.Bronze corrodes underwater very quickly.

C.Ancient Greeks had limited access to bronze.

D.Artists of ancient Greece preferred to work with other materials.

Q5:5.How were archaeologists able to determine how the Antikythera Mechanism operated?

A.By comparing it to similar devices used 1,000 years later

B.By using gamma rays to see inside of the mechanism

C.By referring to ancient Greek writings about the mechanism

D.By consulting with colleagues in the field of physics

Q6:6.What does the professor imply about the ancient Greeks when she says this:

A.They were the first to observe the irregularly in the Moon's orbit.

B.They might not have been the inventors of the Antikythera Mechanism.

C.They were more scientifically advanced than is commonly thought.

D.They appeared to have made some errors in their calculations.

四、Antikythera Mechanism托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：D

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：A

A5:正確答案：B

A6:正確答案：C

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