成人高考學(xué)位英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題型分析

成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題型分析

成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題型分析主要是：間接引語(yǔ)的錯(cuò)誤。

在英語(yǔ)里，我們可以用兩種方法轉(zhuǎn)述人的話語(yǔ)。第一種是直接引語(yǔ)(The Direct Speech);第二種是間接引語(yǔ)(The Indirect Speech)，也可叫(“The Reported Speech”)。

從直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)是一種表達(dá)行式的改變，不影響原意。例如：

① a. He said, “I am working now.”

b. He said that he was working then.

② a. She asked me, “Do you like to sing?”

b. She asked me if I liked to sing.

③ a. “Go out!” the man said to the boy.

b. The man ordered the boy to go out.

①b，②b，③b是間接引語(yǔ)，其形式和①a，②a，③a不同。

間接引語(yǔ)是種常見(jiàn)的句法，用得很多。正因?yàn)橛玫枚?，出錯(cuò)的機(jī)會(huì)也多。下面便是些例子：

④ He said that he would come tomorrow.

這里的副詞”tomorrow”要變成”the next day”。理由是：間接引語(yǔ)里的時(shí)間副詞或短語(yǔ)， 一般上要把其中的時(shí)間向前推，如：tomorrow：the next day;today： that day;last night：the night before;now：then;ago：before that time等。

⑤ I asked what is wrong with him.

這里的”is”要變成”was”。須知：主句”I asked”和分句”what is wrong with him”的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)必須配合。既然主句的動(dòng)詞”asked”是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，分句的動(dòng)詞也要過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)”was”。此外，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般上也要推前，因此簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(Simple Past Tense)要變成過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)(Past Perfect Tense)，如：went ：had gone;left： had left.

⑥ John told her don’t do that again.

這里的”don’t do”要變成”not to do”才對(duì)。理由是：祈使句變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)的形式是不定式動(dòng)詞：”to + verb / not to + verb”，如：to come / not to come;to do / not to do.

⑦ She asked me where was I going.

這里的”was I”詞序不對(duì)， 要變成”I was”才是，因?yàn)殚g接疑問(wèn)句(indirect question)里的詞序和敘述句一樣，是正常詞序，不是倒裝法，如：

⑧ He wanted to know who that girl was.

⑨ John asked Helen if she was free.

⑩ She asked me whether I could help her.

如果詞序是倒裝形式，就錯(cuò)了：

…who was that girl.

…if was she free.

…whether could I help her.

關(guān)于間接疑問(wèn)句，還有一點(diǎn)必須注意的是，直接疑問(wèn)句里的疑問(wèn)詞要照用， 如例⑧的”who”。如果沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)詞，就要借重連接詞”if”或”whether”之助，如例⑨和⑩便是。