Musicians&Film Industry托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Musicians&Film Industry托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Musicians&Film Industry托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a music history class.

MALE PROFESSOR:So,uh,if you were a musician in the United States in the early twentieth century,where could you work?MALE STUDENT:Same as now,I suppose...in an orchestra mainly?MALE PROFESSOR:OK,and where would the orchestra be playing?MALE STUDENT:Uh,in a concert hall?or a dance hall?MALE PROFESSOR:That's right,and smaller groups of musicians were needed in theaters as accompaniment to visual entertainment,like cabarets and variety shows;but,the largest employer for musicians back then was the film industry—especially during the silent-film era.MALE STUDENT:Really?You mean being a piano player or something?I thought movie theaters would have used recorded music?MALE PROFESSOR:Well,no,not during the silent-film era.We're talking a period of maybe 30 years where working in movie theaters was the best job for musicians. It was very well paid.The rapid growth of the film industry meant movie theaters were popping up everywhere?so suddenly there was this huge demand for musicians. IIn fact,over 20,000 jobs for musicians were gone—disappeared—at the end of the silent-film era.Twenty-thousand!OK,so,from the beginning,music was a big part of film.Even at the first...

FEMALE STUDENT:Excuse me,Professor?I think I read somewhere that they used music to drown out the sound of the film projectors?MALE PROFESSOR:Ye-yeah,that's a good story,isn't it?Too bad it keeps getting printed as if it were the only reason music was used.Well,think about it.Even if that were the case,noisy projectors were separated from the main house pretty quickly—yet music continued to accompany film?so?As I was saying,even the very first public projection of a movie had piano accompaniment?so music was pretty much always there.

What's strange to me,though,is that at first,film music didn't necessarily correspond to what was on the screen. You know,a fast number for a chase;deep bass notes for danger;something light and humorous for comedy?and that's instantly recognizable now,even expected.But,in the very early days of film,any music was played.

A theater owner would just buy a pile of sheet music,and musicians would play it,no matter what it was.Pretty quickly though,thankfully,everybody realized the music should suit the film.So,eventually,filmmakers tried to get more control over the musical accompaniment of their films and specified what type of music to use,and how fast or slow to play it?FEMALE STUDENT:Are you saying there was no music written specifically for a particular movie?MALE PROFESSOR:Yeah,original scores weren't common then. Rarely,a filmmaker might send along an original score composed especially for a film?but usually a compilation of music that already existed would be used.Yeah,that was a good time for a lot of musicians.But that all changed with the introduction of sound-on-film technology.

Actually,even before that—organs could mimic a number of instruments and also do some sound effects, so they were starting to replace live orchestras in some movie theaters.And it only takes one person to play an organ?

MALE STUDENT:OK,but even after that,someone still had to play the music for the sound recordings,the soundtracks?MALE PROFESSOR:Yeah,but,think of all the movie theaters there were,most employing about six to eight musicians.Some even had full orchestras.But in the early 1930s,most theater owners installed new sound systems. So suddenly a lot of musicians were looking for work.

Once recording technology took off,studio jobs working exclusively for one film company,eh,studio jobs did become available.But the thing is,each major movie company pretty much had only one orchestra for all their productions,a set number of regular musicians.So if you could get it,studio musician was a good job---

If you were cut out for it,musicians had to be able to read music very well,since the producers were very conscious of how much money they were spending.They didn't want to waste any time.So a musician was expected to play complicated pieces of music pretty much without any preparation.If one couldn't do it,there were plenty of others waiting to try.So there was a lot of pressure to do well.

二、Musicians&Film Industry托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在音樂史課上聽一節(jié)課的一部分。

男教授：那么，呃，如果你是二十世紀初美國的一位音樂家，你可以在哪里工作？男學(xué)生：我想和現(xiàn)在一樣。。。主要是在管弦樂隊？男教授：好的，那么管弦樂隊將在哪里演奏呢？男生：呃，在音樂廳？還是舞廳？男教授：沒錯，劇院里需要一些小規(guī)模的音樂家作為視覺娛樂的伴奏，比如歌舞表演和綜藝節(jié)目；但是，當時音樂家的最大雇主是電影業(yè)，尤其是在無聲電影時代。男學(xué)生：真的嗎？你是說當鋼琴演奏家還是什么？我以為電影院會用錄音音樂？男教授：嗯，不，不是在無聲電影時代。我們談?wù)摰氖且粋€大約30年的時期，在電影院工作對音樂家來說是最好的工作；工資很高。電影業(yè)的快速發(fā)展意味著電影院到處都在涌現(xiàn)？所以突然間，對音樂家的需求巨大；事實上，在無聲電影時代末，超過20000個音樂家的工作崗位消失了。兩萬！好吧，從一開始，音樂就是電影的重要組成部分。即使在一開始。。。

女學(xué)生：打擾一下，教授？我想我在哪里讀到過，他們用音樂來掩蓋電影放映機的聲音？男教授：是的，這是個好故事，不是嗎？糟糕的是，它一直被打印出來，好像這是使用音樂的唯一原因。好吧，想想看。即便如此，嘈雜的投影儀很快就從主樓中分離出來了，但音樂仍然伴隨著這部電影？所以正如我所說，即使是第一部公開放映的電影也有鋼琴伴奏？所以音樂幾乎總是存在的。

然而，讓我感到奇怪的是，起初，電影音樂并不一定與屏幕上的音樂相對應(yīng)；你知道，一個追逐的快速數(shù)字；深沉的低音提示危險；一些輕松幽默的喜?。窟@一點現(xiàn)在可以立即識別，甚至可以預(yù)料到。但是，在電影的早期，任何音樂都會播放。

劇院老板只會買一堆樂譜，音樂家們會演奏，不管它是什么。不過很快，謝天謝地，每個人都意識到音樂應(yīng)該適合這部電影。因此，最終，電影制作人試圖對電影的音樂伴奏進行更多的控制，并指定使用哪種類型的音樂，以及播放的快慢？女生：你是說沒有專門為某部電影寫的音樂？男教授：是的，最初的分數(shù)在當時并不常見；很少，電影制作人會發(fā)送專門為電影創(chuàng)作的原始樂譜？但通常會使用已經(jīng)存在的音樂匯編。是的，那是很多音樂家的好時光。但隨著有聲電影技術(shù)的引入，一切都發(fā)生了變化。

事實上，即使在那之前，器官也可以模仿許多樂器并產(chǎn)生一些音效；因此，他們開始在一些電影院取代現(xiàn)場管弦樂隊。而且只需要一個人就能演奏一個風(fēng)琴？

男學(xué)生：好吧，但即使在那之后，還是有人要播放錄音的音樂，配樂？男教授：是的，但是，想想那里所有的電影院，大多數(shù)都雇用了大約六到八名音樂家。有些甚至有完整的管弦樂隊。但在20世紀30年代初，大多數(shù)影院業(yè)主安裝了新的音響系統(tǒng)；所以突然有很多音樂家在找工作。

一旦錄音技術(shù)起飛，專門為一家電影公司工作的制片廠工作機會就出現(xiàn)了，呃，制片廠工作機會確實出現(xiàn)了。但問題是，每一家主要電影公司幾乎只有一個管弦樂隊負責(zé)他們的所有作品，一組固定數(shù)量的音樂家。所以，如果你能得到它，錄音室音樂家是一份好工作---

如果你是天生的，音樂家必須能夠很好地閱讀音樂，因為制作人非常清楚他們花了多少錢。他們不想浪費任何時間。因此，人們期望音樂家在沒有任何準備的情況下演奏復(fù)雜的音樂片段。如果一個人做不到，那么還有很多其他人在等待著嘗試。所以有很大的壓力要做好。

三、Musicians&Film Industry托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What does the professor mainly discuss?

A.The changing opportunities for musicians in the early twentieth century

B.The history of film music from the early twentieth century to the present

C.The types of music that accompanied silent films in the early twentieth century

D.The influence of new sound technology on the film industry

Q2:2.Why does the professor point out that 20,000 jobs for musicians disappeared at the end of the silent-film era?

A.To explain that many movie theaters closed at the end of the silent-film era

B.To explain that live music had lost popularity

C.To illustrate the huge demand for musicians during the silent-film era

D.To emphasize the number of jobs created by the production of sound movies

Q3:3.What is the professor’s attitude about the view that music was used in movie theaters to cover up the noise of the film projector?

A.He is surprised that anyone would have that view.

B.He doubts that film projectors were very noisy.

C.He is convinced that it was true for most of the silent-film era.

D.He doubts that it can fully explain why music was played.

Q4:4.What does the professor find unusual about the music accompanying early silent films?

A.It was very difficult to perform.

B.It did not relate to the action on the screen.

C.It was usually improvised by piano players.

D.It was selected by the filmmakers.

Q5:5.What does the professor imply about the use of organs to accompany silent films?

A.The audience preferred organ music over other types of music.

B.Organs were too expensive for many theater owners.

C.It delayed the introduction of recorded music in theaters.

D.It led to a loss of employment for many musicians.

Q6:6.According to the professor,why was it difficult for musicians to get a job at one of the film studios?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Musicians who had played in movie theaters were not usually hired by the film studios.

B.There were more musicians looking for jobs than there were jobs available at the film studios.

C.Musicians had to be very talented to meet the demands of the film studios.

D.The film studios preferred musicians who had some acting experience.

四、Musicians&Film Industry托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：A

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：D

A4:正確答案：B

A5:正確答案：D

A6:正確答案：BC

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