The Formation of Ice托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

2023-06-30 16:13:04 來源：中國教育在線

新托福聽力難度大，題型多，而且聽力和寫作、口語等部分也相關(guān)聯(lián)，可以說，是牽一發(fā)而動全身的地位。所以要想取得高分，需要以殘酷的、毫無疑問的、不存在任何僥幸的聽力實力為基礎(chǔ)。那么關(guān)于“The Formation of Ice托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案”的內(nèi)容，下面由小編來給大家分享。

一、The Formation of Ice托福聽力原文：

W:I’m glad to see everyone made it to school safely this morning.I wish I could say the same for myself,but I had a rather close call when I was getting on the expressway.I was on the on-ramp,and my car suddenly skidded and turned completely around,so I ended up with my car facing backward.Luckily,there was no one right behind me.I was able to turn my car around and slowly drive on.You see,what had happened was,I ran into a patch of black ice.And the nature of black ice is that you just don’t see it coming because it’s practically invisible.Generally,the formation of ice requires two conditions:the presence of water and temperatures below freezing.However,black ice can form on the highway when the air temperature is slightly above freezing but the ground temperature is below freezing.That’s how it was at seven o’clock this morning when I was driving to campus.The air temperature was 34 degrees Fahrenheit;however,the overnight low had been in the low twenties,so the ground temperature was below freezing.The black ice formed when evaporation on the wet surface of the pavement—it was mist,actually,water vapor—when the mist was exposed to above-freezing air temperatures.The evaporation lowered the surface temperature to below freezing,and this then froze the very thin layer of mist on the surface of the pavement.

M:Excuse me,Dr.West.I’m not sure I heard you correctly.Are you saying it’s possible for ice to form,even when it’s not freezing outside?W:Yes,and black ice is a good example of this.The air temperature can be above freezing,but the temperature of a wet surface like pavement can be lower.The same thing happens when wet laundry is left hanging outside and it freezes solid at an air temperature of 35 degrees.Water evaporates from the wet clothes,which are colder than the air,and the vapor rising from the laundry freezes.So yourclothes arc then covered with a thin film of ice.One of the reasons black ice takes us so much by surprise is that we don’t expect to find ice when the thermometer says it’s above freezing—the air temperature,that is.But air temperature can be deceiving,and we have to be careful,especially on mornings like today.We usually think of ice formation as the freezing of liquid water,but ice can also form by the process of sublimation.Sublimation is when water changes state from a gas directly to a solid—or from a solid to a gas—without first becoming a liquid.Ice formed in this way—by sublimation—forms directly from water vapor,or mist,which is a gas.

M:So,what you’re saying is,black ice is formed by sublimation?

W:Yes.Black ice is formed by sublimation—directly from water vapor on the surface of the road.Black ice is a form of frost.Some other forms of frost are ground frost and the frost you see on windows on cold winter nights.It can look like delicate feathery patterns of crystals on your windowpane,or it can be fernlike crystals several centimeters long on the twigs and branches of trees.Water vapor forms as frost on the surface of an object if the temperature of the surface falls below both the freezing point and the point at which water vapor condenses to a liquid.In the case of window frost,the temperature of the window glass has to be below freezing.The window is chilled because it’s losing heat to the colder air outside.By the way,the beautiful patterns of window frost are due to its slightly curved crystals,because of organic impurities on the glass—dust and dirt—that interfere with crystal growth.

二、The Formation of Ice托福聽力中文翻譯：

W：我很高興看到大家今天早上都安全到達學(xué)校。我希望我也能對自己說同樣的話，但當(dāng)我上高速公路時，我遇到了一個相當(dāng)危險的情況。我在入口匝道上，我的車突然打滑，完全轉(zhuǎn)向，所以我的車向后開。幸運的是，我后面沒有人。我能夠把車調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)過來，慢慢地繼續(xù)行駛。你看，發(fā)生的事情是，我撞上了一片黑冰。黑冰的本質(zhì)是你看不到它的到來，因為它實際上是看不見的。一般來說，冰的形成需要兩個條件：水的存在和低于冰點的溫度。然而，當(dāng)氣溫略高于冰點但地面溫度低于冰點時，高速公路上會形成黑冰。今天早上七點，我開車去校園的時候就是這樣。氣溫為34華氏度；然而，夜間的最低氣溫一直在20多度左右，因此地面溫度低于零度。當(dāng)薄霧暴露在高于冰點的空氣溫度下時，在潮濕的路面上蒸發(fā)形成的黑冰是薄霧，實際上是水蒸氣。蒸發(fā)使路面溫度降至零度以下，然后使路面表面的一層薄薄的薄霧結(jié)冰。

M：對不起，韋斯特醫(yī)生。我不確定我沒聽錯。你是說即使外面沒有結(jié)冰，也有可能結(jié)冰嗎？W：是的，黑冰就是一個很好的例子?？諝鉁囟瓤梢栽诒c以上，但像路面這樣的潮濕表面的溫度可以更低。當(dāng)濕衣服掛在外面，在35度的空氣溫度下固體結(jié)冰時，也會發(fā)生同樣的情況。水從比空氣冷的濕衣服中蒸發(fā)，從衣服中升起的蒸汽結(jié)冰。于是你的衣服就被一層薄薄的冰覆蓋了。黑冰讓我們?nèi)绱梭@訝的原因之一是，當(dāng)溫度計顯示溫度高于空氣溫度時，我們不希望發(fā)現(xiàn)冰。但空氣溫度可能是騙人的，我們必須小心，尤其是在今天這樣的早晨。我們通常認(rèn)為冰的形成是液態(tài)水的凍結(jié)，但冰也可以通過升華的過程形成。升華是指水在不首先變成液體的情況下從氣體直接變成固體或從固體變成氣體的狀態(tài)。通過升華以這種方式形成的冰直接由水蒸氣或薄霧形成，這是一種氣體。

M：那么，你的意思是，黑冰是由升華形成的？

W：是的。黑冰是由道路表面的水蒸氣直接升華而成。黑冰是霜的一種形式。其他一些形式的霜凍是地面霜凍和你在寒冷的冬夜在窗戶上看到的霜凍。它可以看起來像你窗格上精致的羽毛狀晶體圖案，也可以是樹枝上幾厘米長的蕨類晶體。如果物體表面的溫度低于冰點和水蒸氣凝結(jié)成液體的溫度，則水蒸氣在物體表面形成霜。在窗戶結(jié)霜的情況下，窗戶玻璃的溫度必須低于冰點。窗戶被凍僵了，因為它正在向外面較冷的空氣散熱。順便說一句，窗霜的美麗圖案是由于其輕微彎曲的晶體，因為玻璃灰塵和污垢上的有機雜質(zhì)會干擾晶體的生長。

三、The Formation of Ice托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the talk mainly about?

A.The dangers of driving in icy conditions

B.The formation of ice from water vapor

C.The various colors that ice crystals take

D.The ice that falls to earth as precipitation

Q2:2.Why does the professor talk about her drive to school this morning?

A.To give an example of a safe driving practice

B.To encourage students to tell personal stories

C.To describe the best way to get to campus

D.To lead into the topic of discussion

Q3:3.The professor briefly explains how black ice forms.Indicate whether each sentence below is part of the process.For each sentence,click in the correct box.

Snow changes to ice on tree branches and other exposed surfaces.

The air temperature is above freezing,but the ground temperature is below freezing.

A thin layer of water vapor freezes on the surface of the highway.

Pellets of ice develop from supercooled water droplets.

Q4:4.Why does the professor say this:

A.To warn students not to hang laundry outdoors

B.To find out if the students wash their own clothes

C.To illustrate the same phenomenon in a different way

D.To point out a mystery that scientists cannot explain

Q5:5.Which of the following sentences illustrates sublimation?

A.A thin layer of ice forms on the surface of a lake.

B.Raindrops freeze when they touch the cold ground.