The Relation Between Bird's Bill and Its Diet 托福紅Delta聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

2023-06-29 14:00:49 來源：中國教育在線

The Relation Between Bird's Bill and Its Diet 托福紅Delta聽力原文翻譯及問題答案，今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個問題。

一、The Relation Between Bird's Bill and Its Diet 托福紅Delta聽力原文：

The bird’s bill is composed of a horny sheath over a bony core.The entire structure has evolved in numerous ways to the specialized needs of its owner.The bird’s bill is highly modified for a variety of activities—such as cutting and crushing seeds,probing tree crevices for insects,drinking nectar from flowers,catching fish,and so on.There’s a large variety in the diets of birds throughout the world.Different birds have evolved different bill types to assist in their feeding.What I mean is,the shape of the bird’s bill is specially adapted to specific foods.

A large number of birds are primarily seed eaters.These birds typically have stout,cone-shaped bills and strong jaw muscles for crushing seeds.The edible kernel of a seed is protected by a husk,or shell,which must be removed before the seed can be digested.The smaller finches,sparrows,and grosbeaks use their heavy conical bills to process seeds by removing the outer covering before swallowing them.Larger birds,such as pigeons and pheasants,swallow seeds whole and rely on grit in the gizzard to remove the husks and crush the seeds.

A wide variety of birds are nectar drinkers.These birds prefer the sweet liquid nectar of flowering plants.The co-evolution of birds and flowers has led to specialization,in which the bird’s bill is adapted for the collection of nectar.The bill evolved so that it could reach the nectar at the bottom of a flower’s long tubular corolla.Birds who drink nectar have long,narrow bills and tongues with finely divided tips that form a brush.The tongues are very long,and the edges roll inwards to make a narrow scoop,so the bird can sort of lap up nectar,taking several licks every second.The tongue holds the nectar by capillary action—a physical force that causes fluids to rise in narrow tubes.The tongue moves in and out rapidly,carrying nectar up tiny grooves in the tongue,all the way to the mouth.

Hummingbirds can stick their long tongues out far beyond the tips of their bills.This enables them to reach the nectar at the base of flowers.But along with drinking nectar,hummingbirds will also grab any insect they meet.As they flit from flower to flower,they consume the flower’s nectar as well as insects and spiders that provide them with protein.

Birds that eat insects collect their food in a number of ways.The warblers have short,slender,tweezer-like bills,that they sort of use like tweezers to pick small insects off leaves and twigs.Plovers pluck insects from the soil with their short bills.Starlings have longer bills,which they push into the earth and force open to make a hole,and then look down the hole for insects.

The insect eater’s tongue—like the bill—is specialized to the bird’s diet.The tongue of some woodpeckers is long,sticky,and barbed,which makes it easier for the bird to catch its insect prey.Several species of woodpeckers use their bills as wedges to pry the bark off trees to reach the insects underneath and then lap them up with their long,sticky tongues.

二、The Relation Between Bird's Bill and Its Diet 托福紅Delta聽力中文翻譯：

鳥喙由一個角質鞘覆蓋在一個骨質核心上組成。整個結構以多種方式演變，以滿足其所有者的特殊需求。鳥喙經過高度修飾，可用于多種活動，如切割和壓碎種子、探測樹縫中的昆蟲、飲用花蜜、捕魚等。全世界鳥類的飲食種類繁多。不同的鳥類進化出不同的喙型來幫助它們覓食。我的意思是，鳥喙的形狀特別適合特定的食物。

許多鳥類主要以吃種子為食。這些鳥通常有結實的錐形喙和強壯的下巴肌肉來壓碎種子。種子的可食用內核由外殼保護，外殼必須在種子被消化之前去除。較小的雀類、麻雀和大嘴雀在吞食種子之前，通過去除外殼，利用它們沉重的錐形喙來加工種子。體型較大的鳥類，如鴿子和野雞，會將種子整個吞下，并依靠砂囊中的砂礫除去外殼并壓碎種子。

各種各樣的鳥都喜歡喝花蜜。這些鳥更喜歡開花植物的甜液體花蜜。鳥類和花卉的共同進化導致了專門化，鳥類的喙被用來收集花蜜。喙的進化使得它能夠到達花朵長管狀花冠底部的花蜜。喝花蜜的鳥有又長又窄的喙和舌頭，喙和舌頭的尖端很細，形成刷子。舌頭很長，邊緣向內滾動形成一個狹窄的勺子，因此這種鳥可以舔食花蜜，每秒舔幾次。舌頭通過毛細管作用來保持花蜜，這是一種物理力，使液體在狹窄的管道中上升。舌頭快速地進進出出，把花蜜帶到舌頭上的小凹槽里，一直送到嘴里。

蜂鳥可以把長長的舌頭伸出遠遠超過喙尖的地方。這使它們能夠到達花朵底部的花蜜。但除了喝花蜜，蜂鳥還會抓住它們遇到的任何昆蟲。當它們從一朵花飛到另一朵花時，會消耗花蜜以及昆蟲和蜘蛛提供的蛋白質。

以昆蟲為食的鳥類以多種方式收集食物。鶯有著短而細的鑷子狀喙，它們可以像鑷子一樣用喙從樹葉和樹枝上摘下小昆蟲。旱獺用短喙從土壤中抓昆蟲。椋鳥有更長的喙，它們把喙伸進土里，用力打開，然后在洞里尋找昆蟲。

食蟲者的舌頭像喙一樣專門用于鳥類的飲食。一些啄木鳥的舌頭又長又粘，而且有倒刺，這使得它更容易捕捉昆蟲的獵物。有幾種啄木鳥用喙作為楔子，從樹上撬下樹皮，夠到樹下的昆蟲，然后用它們又長又粘的舌頭把它們舔起來。

三、The Relation Between Bird's Bill and Its Diet 托福紅Delta聽力問題：

Q1:What is the main idea of the talk?

A.Birds differ in appearance throughout the world.

B.The best diet for birds includes both seeds and insects.

C.The bird’s bill is specialized to its preferred diet.

D.Birds have a variety of interesting behaviors.Birds have a variety of interesting behaviors.

Q2:Select the bird that is most likely a seed eater.

Q3:Why does the professor say this:

A.To describe the nutritional benefits of flower nectar