Software Development托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Software Development托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Software Development托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a computer science class.The professor is discussing software engineering.MALE PROFESSOR We've been talking about the software development cycle,and today I'd like to move on to the next stage of that cycle?testing?and why finding bugs during testing is actually a great thing.Ah,uh,th-the quality of a software product often relies heavily on how well it's been tested.Liz?FEMALE STUDENT Um,just a quick thing."Bugs"is the word for problems in the program code,correct?MALE PROFESSOR Yeah,in code or in a computer itself.There's-there;s a bit of a story behind that term.Um,back in the 1940s,when the computer industry was just starting,a group of computer scientists was working late one night,and there was a problem in one of the computer's circuits.When they examined it,they found a five-centimeter-long moth caught in there.Once they"debugged"the computer,it worked just fine.And ever since then,all kinds of computer problems have been known as"bugs"?Anyway,you want to find bugs while the software's still in the development and testing phases.Finding them when the software product has already been put on the market can be quite embarrassing.Generally speaking,every software development project has a group of testers and a group of developers.Jake?MALE STUDENT And they're different people?MALE PROFESSOR They're generally completely different groups of people.My personal opinion is that they have to be different groups of people because developers often have a bias toward their own work.And it blinds them to certain problems that might be obvious to somebody else.So it's always good to have a different set of eyes go in there and make sure that everything's tested properly.OK,now here's the key...developers and testers have different mentalities.The mentality of the software developer is constructive...creative.They're spending long hours working together to create and build something new.A software tester,on the other hand,their entire goal is to look at this product and find problems with it,to improve it.Now this difference between the testers and the developers can lead to an environment where there's a bit of friction.And that friction sometimes makes it difficult for the two teams to work together.Um,there were two projects that I worked on a couple of years ago.One,which I'll call Project Split...where the testing and development teams did not work well together.And the other I'll call Project Unity?during which both teams worked very well together.Now during Project Split,we had defect meetings where the developers and the testers met together,um,uh,to discuss various problems and how they should be fixed.And you could sense the conflict just by walking into the room.Literally—the testers and the developers sat on opposite sides of the table.Um,an-and the developers were very defensive about the feedback.MALE STUDENT Well,if bugs are being pointed out they wouldn't be too happy,since it's their work.MALE PROFESSOR Exactly.Now'cause the two teams weren't working well together,the fixes were coming very,very slowly.And you know,a lot of times when you fix bugs you introduce new bugs?or you discover bugs in other areas that only come to light because something's been changed.So fixing all those new additional bugs was also being delayed.Um,the test process went on much longer than expected and we ended up having to put the product on the market with known bugs in it,which was obviously not ideal.FEMALE STUDENT OK,and what about Project Unity?How was it different?MALE PROFESSOR Um,this was different because the two teams worked closely together.During the defect meetings,instead of putting up walls,um,we didn't even talk about,you know,who should fix this,who was at fault.We all acknowledged what needed to be fixed.

So,if we had ten bugs,we said,"Hey,you know what,let's do this one first because this will expose another whole bunch of defects that we haven't even seen yet."So we were being proactive and effective.And because we were so much more effective with our time,we were actually able to do more than just fix bugs?we even put in some improvements that we hadn't planned.

二、Software Development托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在計算機科學課上聽一節(jié)課的一部分。教授正在討論軟件工程。男教授，我們一直在談論軟件開發(fā)周期，今天我想進入該周期的下一個階段？測試？以及為什么在測試過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)bug實際上是一件好事。啊，呃，軟件產(chǎn)品的質量通常在很大程度上取決于它的測試情況。莉茲？女學生，嗯，很快。“Bugs”是指程序代碼中的問題，對嗎？男教授是的，在代碼或計算機本身方面。有，有；這個詞背后有一個故事。嗯，早在20世紀40年代，當計算機工業(yè)剛剛起步時，一群計算機科學家一天晚上工作到很晚，計算機的一個電路出現(xiàn)了問題。當他們檢查時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一只五厘米長的蛾被困在里面。一旦他們“調試”了電腦，它就工作得很好。從那以后，各種各樣的計算機問題都被稱為“bug”？無論如何，您希望在軟件仍處于開發(fā)和測試階段時發(fā)現(xiàn)bug。當軟件產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)投放市場時發(fā)現(xiàn)它們可能會非常尷尬。一般來說，每個軟件開發(fā)項目都有一組測試人員和一組開發(fā)人員。滿意的？男生，他們是不同的人？男教授他們通常是完全不同的人群。我個人的觀點是，他們必須是不同的群體，因為開發(fā)人員往往對自己的工作有偏見。它使他們看不到其他人可能看到的某些問題。所以，有一雙不同的眼睛進去，確保所有東西都經(jīng)過了正確的測試，這總是很好的。好的，現(xiàn)在這是鑰匙。。。開發(fā)人員和測試人員有不同的心態(tài)。軟件開發(fā)人員的心態(tài)是建設性的。。。創(chuàng)造性的他們花了很長時間在一起創(chuàng)造和建造新的東西。另一方面，軟件測試人員的全部目標是查看此產(chǎn)品并發(fā)現(xiàn)其問題，從而改進它?，F(xiàn)在，測試人員和開發(fā)人員之間的這種差異可能會導致環(huán)境中存在一些摩擦。這種摩擦有時會使兩個團隊難以合作。嗯，幾年前我做過兩個項目。一個，我稱之為項目拆分。。。測試和開發(fā)團隊沒有很好地協(xié)作。另一個我稱之為“團結計劃”？在這期間，兩個團隊合作得很好?，F(xiàn)在在項目拆分期間，我們召開了缺陷會議，開發(fā)人員和測試人員一起討論各種問題以及如何解決這些問題。你只要走進房間就能感覺到?jīng)_突。實際上，測試人員和開發(fā)人員坐在桌子的對面。嗯，安和開發(fā)人員對反饋非常謹慎。男生好吧，如果有人指出蟲子，他們不會太高興，因為這是他們的工作。正是男教授。現(xiàn)在，由于這兩個團隊合作得不好，修復工作進展非常非常緩慢。你知道，很多時候當你修復bug的時候，你會引入新的bug？或者你在其他領域發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些bug，這些bug只是因為某些地方發(fā)生了變化才暴露出來的。因此，修復所有這些新的附加bug也被推遲了。嗯，測試過程比預期的要長得多，我們最終不得不將產(chǎn)品投放市場，其中包含已知的缺陷，這顯然是不理想的。女學生好的，那么統(tǒng)一計劃呢？有什么不同？男教授嗯，這是不同的，因為兩個團隊緊密合作。在缺陷會議期間，我們沒有搭建墻壁，我們甚至沒有討論，你知道，誰應該修復這個問題，誰是錯的。我們都承認需要解決的問題。

所以，如果我們有十個bug，我們會說，“嘿，你知道嗎，讓我們先做這一個，因為這會暴露出我們還沒有看到的另一大堆缺陷?！币虼耍覀兎e極主動，卓有成效。因為我們的工作效率大大提高，我們實際上能夠做的不僅僅是修復bug？我們甚至做了一些我們沒有計劃的改進。

三、Software Development托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To describe some recent improvements in computer technology

B.To explain why so many software products have flaws when they are put on the market

C.To show that creating good software depends on people with distinct roles working well together

D.To discuss how the software development process has evolved since the time of early computers

Q2:2.According to the professor,where does the term“bug”used for computer problems come from?

A.It originated because of the similarity between computer viruses and real viruses.

B.It is based on an incident in which an insect interfered with the function of any early computer.

C.It was first used by early computer scientists who noticed small problems in programming code.

D.It was first used by developers who did not like testers identifying problems in their work.

Q3:3.What points does the professor make about software developers?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.The work they do is mainly creative.

B.They enjoy the challenge of identifying problems to fix.

C.Their work is easier than the work of testers.

D.They are not always able to detect software problems.

Q4:4.What factor made work on Project Unity efficient?

A.No unplanned changes were made during defect meetings.

B.The teams focused on fixing only major problems.

C.The software developers were not defensive about problems detected by the testers.

D.Some of the software testers had previous experience as software developers.

Q5:5.How did the software product developed during Project Split differ from the product developed during Project Unity?

A.The Project Split product was released to the market in a shorter amount of time.

B.The Project Split product could be used in more types of computer systems.

C.The Project Split product cost less money to develop.

D.The Project Split product was of inferior quality.

Q6:6.When the professor discusses some work meeting attended by two teams,why does he say this:

A.To emphasize the fact that the two teams were in conflict with one another.

B.To make the point that testers are just as important as developers.

C.To indicate that the teams had different ideas about how to market the new software.

D.To emphasize the importance of meeting in the development process.

四、Software Development托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：B

A3:正確答案：AD

A4:正確答案：C

A5:正確答案：D

6:正確答案：A

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