the Great Pyramid托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

the Great Pyramid托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、the Great Pyramid托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an archaeology class.FEMALE PROFESSOR:The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt might be the most famous building in the world.We know exactly when it was built.Construction started in 2547 B.C.E.—about 4500 years ago.We know who had it built.That was the pharaoh Khufu.We know who oversaw its construction:the Pharaoh's brother.We know so many things about it,but the funny thing is:we still don't know exactly how it was built.This picture will give you an idea of the size of the pyramid...and the size of the blocks it's made out of.About two million stone blocks were used to build the Great Pyramid and they are incredibly massive.The average weight is two and a half tons.

The problem that has puzzled scholars for centuries is how were these blocks lifted up the height of this massive structure and then fit into place and without the benefit of modern technology?Of course,there've been a lot of theories over the centuries.

The oldest recorded one is by the Greek historian Herodotus.He visited Egypt around 450 B.C.E.,when the Pyramid was already 2000 years old.His theory was that cranes were used,much like we use cranes today to construct tall buildings.And Herodotus may have seen Egyptians using cranes made of wood.

But the problem with this theory has to do with simple mechanics.A crane needs a wide and sturdy base to stand on or it will fall over.Well,as you get toward the top of the Pyramid,there's really no place for a crane to stand.The stone blocks are too narrow to provide a base.Well,so much for that theory.

The next one has to do with the use of a ramp that would allow workers to drag a stone block up the side of the structure.Of course the ramp can't be too steep.It has to have a long gentle slope.And that's the problem.If you build a ramp with a slight slope up to the top of a Pyramid that's over 130 meters high,it would have to be almost two kilometers long.Well,the Pyramid is built on a flat area called the Giza Plateau.The Plateau is simply not big enough to accommodate a two-kilometer-long ramp.OK.So what now?Well,if you've ever driven on a mountain road,you'd know that it has a lot of twists and turns and bends in it,because that's how engineers keep the road from having to be too steep.So why not wrap the ramp around the Pyramid?Building the ramp around it as you go?Sounds like a pretty good idea.Except it's got a serious problem.See,one of the most remarkable things about the Great Pyramid is how accurate the proportions are.

The dimensions are almost perfect.To get that perfection,the engineers must have had to measure it repeatedly during construction.And the way you'd measure it is from the four corners of the base.Well,if you got a ramp spiraling up from the base of the Pyramid,those corners would be buried by that ramp during construction.Well,who says the ramp has to be on the outside of the Pyramid?And now we get to the latest idea.If the ramp were on the inside of the Pyramid,the corners at the base would be exposed,so the engineers could do their measurements while they were building.

Well,an architect named Houdin has spent a few years working on making computer models of the building of the Pyramid.And what Houdin believes is that an exterior straight ramp was used to construct the bottom third of the Pyramid,this ramp would have been fairly short.It probably rose less than 50 meters.Then the rest of the Pyramid was constructed using an internal ramp that spiraled around the inside of the Pyramid.

But how can we test this idea?Well,there are several ways to look inside the Pyramid.One is called microgravimetry.Microgravimetry is a technique that's used to detect voids inside a structure.You can then take the data and generate an image that shows any empty spaces in the interior.

Well,in 1986,French scientists completed a microgravimetric survey of the Pyramid.And one of the images they produced showed an empty spiral-shaped space inside it.The shape of that space corresponds exactly to what Houdin thought the ramp would look like.I think Herodotus would be convinced.We might very well be at the end of centuries of guessing.

二、the Great Pyramid托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：聽考古學(xué)課上的一節(jié)課。女教授：埃及的吉薩大金字塔可能是世界上最著名的建筑。我們確切地知道它是什么時候建成的。建筑始于公元前2547年-大約4500年前。我們知道是誰造的。那是法老胡夫。我們知道誰監(jiān)督了它的建造：法老的兄弟。我們知道很多關(guān)于它的事情，但有趣的是：我們?nèi)匀徊恢浪侨绾谓ㄔ斓?。這張圖片會讓你了解金字塔的大小…以及它所組成的塊的大小。大約有200萬塊石頭被用來建造大金字塔，它們的體積驚人。平均重量為2.5噸。

幾個世紀以來一直困擾學(xué)者的問題是，在沒有現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的幫助下，這些磚塊是如何被提升到這座巨大建筑的高度，然后安裝到位的？當(dāng)然，幾個世紀以來有很多理論。

最古老的記錄是由希臘歷史學(xué)家希羅多德寫的。他在公元前450年左右訪問了埃及，當(dāng)時金字塔已經(jīng)有2000年的歷史。他的理論是使用起重機，就像我們今天使用起重機建造高層建筑一樣。希羅多德可能見過埃及人使用木頭制成的起重機。

但這個理論的問題與簡單力學(xué)有關(guān)。起重機需要一個寬而堅固的底座才能站立，否則它會倒下。好吧，當(dāng)你到達金字塔的頂端時，真的沒有地方讓起重機站立。這些石塊太窄，無法提供基礎(chǔ)。這個理論到此為止。

下一個問題是使用一個斜坡，工人可以將一塊石頭從結(jié)構(gòu)的一側(cè)拖上來。當(dāng)然，斜坡不能太陡。它必須有一個長長的緩坡。這就是問題所在。如果你建一個坡度很小的斜坡，一直延伸到一個超過130米高的金字塔頂部，它將需要將近兩公里長。金字塔建在一個叫做吉薩高原的平坦區(qū)域上。高原根本不足以容納兩公里長的坡道。好吧，那現(xiàn)在怎么辦？如果你曾經(jīng)在山路上開車，你會知道山路有很多彎彎曲曲的地方，因為這就是工程師們防止道路過于陡峭的方法。那為什么不把斜坡繞在金字塔上呢？在你走的時候在它周圍建斜坡？聽起來是個不錯的主意。但它有一個嚴重的問題。看，關(guān)于大金字塔最值得注意的一點是它的比例有多精確。

尺寸幾乎完美。為了達到完美，工程師必須在施工過程中反復(fù)測量。你測量它的方法是從底座的四個角開始。好吧，如果你有一個從金字塔底部螺旋上升的斜坡，在施工過程中，這些角落將被斜坡掩埋。誰說坡道必須在金字塔的外面？現(xiàn)在我們來看看最新的想法。如果斜坡位于金字塔內(nèi)部，底部的角落就會暴露出來，這樣工程師就可以在建筑時進行測量。

一位名叫Houdin的建筑師花了幾年時間制作金字塔建筑的計算機模型。胡丁認為，金字塔底部的三分之一是用一個外部直坡道建造的，這個坡道應(yīng)該相當(dāng)短。它可能上升了不到50米。然后，金字塔的其余部分使用圍繞金字塔內(nèi)部螺旋形的內(nèi)部坡道構(gòu)建。

但我們?nèi)绾螜z驗這個想法呢？嗯，有幾種方法可以觀察金字塔內(nèi)部。其中一種叫做顯微波形學(xué)。顯微波譜儀是一種用于檢測結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部空隙的技術(shù)。然后，您可以獲取數(shù)據(jù)并生成一個顯示內(nèi)部任何空白空間的圖像。

1986年，法國科學(xué)家完成了對金字塔的微重力測量。他們制作的其中一張照片顯示了里面有一個空的螺旋形空間。該空間的形狀與胡丁認為的斜坡形狀完全一致。我想希羅多德會被說服的。我們很可能已經(jīng)在幾個世紀的猜測中走到了盡頭。

三、the Great Pyramid托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Building techniques that were common in the ancient world.

B.Evidence of several early attempts to build a pyramid.

C.Possible answers to an ancient mystery.

D.The history of the pyramids of Egypt.

Q2:2.According to the professor,what is the main argument against the theory that the stone blocks of the Great Pyramid were lifted into place with cranes?

A.Wood Cranes would have been too weak to lift the blocks.

B.There is no evidence of ancient Egyptians ever using cranes.

C.The use of cranes would have resulted in imprecise dimensions.

D.There would not have been enough room for a platform for the cranes.

Q3:3.Why does the professor mention a mountain road?

A.To illustrate an alternative to a steep ramp

B.To emphasize the effort needed to more large stone blocks

C.To imply that progress on the Great Pyramid was slow

D.To describe the shape of the road leading to the Giza Plateau

Q4:4.Why does the professor talk about the accuracy of the proportions of the Great Pyramid?

A.To provide background on the principles of microgravimetry

B.To discount the possibility that a ramp once spiralled around outside of the pyramid

C.To explain the effectiveness of computer models of the pyramid

D.To emphasize the difficulty of building a ramp with the correct slope

Q5:6.What is the professor’s view of Houdin’s theory?

A.She would like to see more detailed microgravimetric surveys before she will be convinced it is true.

B.She is surprised at how similar it is to Herodotus’theory.

C.She finds the microgravimetric evidence for it to be very strong.

D.She thinks it is plausible but leaves some important questions unanswered.

四、the Great Pyramid托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：D

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：B

A5:正確答案：C

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