Gonur-depe托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

2023-06-19 12:16:09 來源：中國教育在線

Gonur-depe托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Gonur-depe托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an archaeology class.FEMALE PROFESSOR:It's every archaeologist's dream to find a lost civilization,to make some huge discovery,to find artifacts no one else has laid a hand on in millennia.You might think that this never happens any more,given all the research in archaeology that's been done.But in the late twentieth century,archaeologists discovered the remains of a sophisticated people whose settlement might have been the hub of a civilization few people even thought existed.They found this site at the edge of a desert in Turkmenistan,in central Asia,where a series of mounds rise up from the plains.Now,you might remember because we've talked about this,archaeologists know that mounds such as these are the kinds of geological features that indicate the presence of ancient settlements.Jim?MALE STUDENT:Um,mounds can be different things,right?Some are burial places...

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Exactly.And some are the remains of cities.The inhabitants would build houses and temples you know,what have you.And over time,those buildings would fall down or be torn down and then be built over.Over time,generations of building and rebuilding in the same area would result in a large hill the size of a city.Careful excavation and documentation of layers in a mound can reveal a wealth of information about the everyday life of a people in a settlement over many periods of occupation.Now,this particular site is called Gonur-depe.What was found at Gonur-depe was amazing:the ruins of a huge palace complex,the foundations of shops and houses,the remains of thick walls and towers that fortified the city.There was even an elaborate canal system and a lot of very intricate jewelry.All these findings seem to indicate that they are the remains of an ancient civilization that was every bit as advanced as other more famous civilizations of the time.Like those in Egypt,or,or China.And the site dates back to 3,000 B.C.E!MALE STUDENT:Did they trade with those other civilizations?Because if they did,wouldn't there've been some evidence of that?You know,an artifact found in the ruins of other civilizations?FEMALE PROFESSOR:That's a good question.I mentioned Jewelry,well,Jewelry have been found in Mesopotamia and at archaeological sites in modern-day Pakistan.But archaeologists didn't know where it came from.Only after the site at Gonur-depe was excavated were archaeologists able to identify it as coming from Gonur-depe.Uh,Sheryl?MALE STUDENT:I wonder why nobody have found this site before?FEMALE PROFESSOR:Well,before the discovery of this site,it was commonly believed that central Asia had always been occupied by mostly nomadic people.So there would be no record of major settlements.A couple of small finds have been made in the area,but really,no one had looked very hard.Now,one mystery regarding this site is that archaeological records show it was inhabited for only a few centuries.MALE STUDENT:What happened to the people who lived there?FEMALE PROFESSOR:Well,the site was close to the Murgab River,which they would have depended on for their water.And the Murgab River,which runs toward the west,is the kind of river that shifts its course over time.So one theory is that the river's course shifted toward the South,and they simply followed it and built new towns to the South.

Another theory is that they were involved in wars with neighboring settlements.But we might never know the truth.One thing we do know is that,in the decades since Gonur-depe was discovered,the site has deteriorated significantly.I mean,it's been disturbed for the first time in millennia.And being exposed to the Sun and wind has taken its toll on the ancient city.

So now the question is,do we partially restore and rebuild the site before the entire thing disintegrates?It will take a lot of funding to restore it and I am not sure it'll be made available,which would be a pity.Even a partly altered site can provide valuable information,which would be lost otherwise.

二、Gonur-depe托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：聽一節(jié)考古學課上的講座。女教授：每一位考古學家的夢想都是找到一個失落的文明，做出一些巨大的發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到幾千年來無人涉足的文物。你可能會認為這再也不會發(fā)生了，因為考古學的研究已經完成了。但在二十世紀末，考古學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個老練的民族的遺骸，他們的定居點可能是一個幾乎沒有人認為存在的文明的中心。他們在中亞土庫曼斯坦的沙漠邊緣發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個遺址，那里有一系列的土丘從平原上升起?，F(xiàn)在，你可能還記得，因為我們已經討論過了，考古學家知道像這樣的土丘是表明古代定居點存在的地質特征。吉姆？男學生：嗯，土丘可以是不同的東西，對嗎？有些是墓地。。。

女教授：沒錯。有些是城市的遺跡。居民們會建造房屋和寺廟，你知道，你有什么。隨著時間的推移，這些建筑會倒塌或被拆毀，然后重新建造。隨著時間的推移，在同一地區(qū)幾代人的建筑和重建將導致一座城市大小的大山。仔細挖掘和記錄一個土丘中的層，可以揭示居住區(qū)居民在許多占領時期的日常生活的豐富信息?，F(xiàn)在，這個特殊的地點被稱為Gonur depe。在Gonur depe發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西令人驚嘆：巨大宮殿建筑群的廢墟，商店和房屋的地基，堅固城市的厚墻和高塔的遺跡。甚至還有一個精心設計的運河系統(tǒng)和許多非常復雜的珠寶。所有這些發(fā)現(xiàn)似乎表明，它們是古代文明的遺骸，與當時其他更著名的文明一樣先進。比如在埃及，或者中國。該網(wǎng)站可追溯到公元前3000年！男學生：他們和其他文明進行貿易了嗎？因為如果他們這么做了，難道就沒有證據(jù)嗎？你知道，在其他文明的廢墟中發(fā)現(xiàn)的人工制品？女教授：這是個好問題。我提到了珠寶，在美索不達米亞和現(xiàn)代巴基斯坦的考古遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)了珠寶。但考古學家不知道它來自哪里。只有在Gonur depe的遺址被挖掘后，考古學家才能夠確定它來自Gonur depe。謝麗爾？男學生：我想知道為什么以前沒有人發(fā)現(xiàn)這個網(wǎng)站？女教授：在發(fā)現(xiàn)這個遺址之前，人們普遍認為中亞一直被游牧民族占據(jù)。因此，沒有重大定居點的記錄。在該地區(qū)已經發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些小發(fā)現(xiàn)，但實際上，沒有人仔細觀察?，F(xiàn)在，關于這個遺址的一個謎團是考古記錄顯示它只有幾個世紀有人居住。男學生：住在那里的人怎么了？女教授：嗯，這個地點靠近穆爾加布河，他們的水源就依賴于這條河。而流向西部的穆爾加布河是一種隨著時間推移而改變河道的河流。所以有一種理論認為，河流的流向是向南的，他們只是沿著這條河流向南修建了新的城鎮(zhèn)。

另一種理論是，他們卷入了與鄰近定居點的戰(zhàn)爭。但我們可能永遠不會知道真相。我們知道的一件事是，在Gonur depe被發(fā)現(xiàn)后的幾十年里，該遺址已經嚴重惡化。我是說，這是幾千年來第一次受到干擾。暴露在陽光和風中對這座古城造成了損害。

所以現(xiàn)在的問題是，我們是否在整個東西解體之前部分地恢復和重建了現(xiàn)場？修復它將需要大量資金，我不確定它是否可用，這將是一個遺憾。即使是部分更改的站點也可以提供有價值的信息，否則這些信息將丟失。

三、Gonur-depe托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What does the professor mainly discuss?

A.Evidence of an ancient civilization in central Asia

B.Archaeological techniques used to uncover ancient settlements

C.The controversy concerning an archaeological find in central Asia

D.Methods used to preserve archaeological sites in arid area

Q2:2.What point does the professor make about mound sites?

A.They are easier to excavate than other types of archaeological sites.

B.They often provide information about several generations of people.

C.They often contain evidence of trade.

D.Most have been found in what are now desert areas.

Q3:3.Why does the professor compare Gonur-depe to ancient Egypt?

A.To point out that Gonur-depe existed earlier than other ancient civilizations

B.To emphasize that the findings at Gonur-depe are evidence of an ancient civilization

C.To demonstrate that the findings at these locations have little in common

D.To suggest that the discovery of Gonur-depe will lead to more research in Egypt

Q4:4.What does the professor imply about the people of Gonur-depe?

A.They avoided contact with people from other areas.

B.They inhibited Gonur-depe before resettling in Egypt.

C.They are skilled in jewelry making.

D.They modeled their city after cities in China.

Q5:5.Settlements existed at Gonur-depe site for only a few hundred of years.What does the professor say might explain this fact?[Click on two answers.]

A.War with neighboring settlements

B.Destruction caused by an earthquake

C.Changes in the course of the Murgab River

D.Frequent flooding of the Murgab River

Q6:6.What is the professor's opinion of the future of the Gonur-depe site?

A.She believes it would be a mistake to alter its original form.

B.She doubts the ruins will deteriorate further.

C.She thinks other sites are more deserving of researchers'attention.

D.She is not convinced it will be restored.

四、Gonur-depe托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：A

A2:正確答案：B