Four business values劍橋雅思12聽力-原文翻譯及答案解析

一、Four business values聽力原文：

In public discussion of business,we take certain values for granted.

Today,I am going to talk about four of them:collaboration,hard work,creativity and excellence.

Most People would say they are all good things.

I'm going to suggest that's an over-simple view.

The trouble with these values is that they are theoretical concepts,removed from the reality of day-to-day business.

Pursue values by all means,but be prepared for what may happen as a result.

They can actually cause damage,which is not at all the intention.

Business leaders generally try to do the right thing.

But all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.

The values can easily get in the way of what is actually intended.

Ok.So the first value I am going to discuss is collaboration,Er,let me give you an example.

On a management training course I once attended,we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream,using building blocks that we were given.

The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.

This was intended to encourage teamwork.

But it was really a job best done by one person.

The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure,and descended into confusion,with everyone getting in each other's way.

Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.

She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimeters,to comply with the rule,and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.

We finished before any other team.

My point is that the task wasn't really suited to teamworking,so why make it one?

Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency-a common cause of poor sales.

In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched,one director wanted to target the business market,and another demanded it was aimed to consumers.

The company wanted both directors to be involved,so gave the product a consumer-friendly name,but marketed it to companies.

The result was that it met the needs of neither group.

It would have better to let one director or the other have this way,not both.

Now industriousness,or hard work.

It's easy to mock people who say they work hard:after all,a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.

Of course hard work is valuable,but only when properly targeted.

Otherwise it wastes the resources that companies value most-time and energy.

And that's bad for the organization.

There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria:clever,hard-working,stupid and lazy.

Here'lazy'means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.

It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.

Most people display two of these characteristics,and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy:they possess intellectual clarity,and they don't rush into making decisions.

They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard-working group.

Instead of throwing more man-hours at a problem,the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.

Next we come to creativity.

This often works well-creating an attention-grapping TV commercial,for example,might lead to increased sales.

But it isn't always a good thing.

Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity,without having any effect on sales.

This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar;subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the advert,but had no idea what was being advertised.

The troubles is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea,and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.

A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,but it may be too creative,and make smaller profits.

Creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem that the company has identified.

Just coming up with more and more novel products isn’t necessarily a good thing.

And finally,excellence.

We all know companies that claim they'strive for excellence',but it takes a long time to achieve excellence.

In business,being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.

A major study of company performance compared pioneers-that is,companies bringing out the first version of a particular product-with followers,the companies that copied and improved on that product.

The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29 percent,while the followers achieved less than half that,only 13 percent-even though their product might have been better.

Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time-consuming,wastes energy and leads to losing out on opportunities.

Sometimes,second-rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.

"Make sure it's excellent"sounds like a good approach to business,but the"just get-started"approach is likely to be more successful.

二、Four business values聽力中文翻譯：

在公開討論商業(yè)時，我們認(rèn)為某些價值觀是理所當(dāng)然的。

今天，我要談?wù)勂渲械乃膫€：協(xié)作、勤奮、創(chuàng)造力和卓越。

大多數(shù)人會說他們都是好東西。

我認(rèn)為這是一個過于簡單的觀點。

這些價值觀的問題在于，它們是理論概念，脫離了日常業(yè)務(wù)的現(xiàn)實。

千方百計追求價值觀，但要為結(jié)果做好準(zhǔn)備。

它們實際上可能造成損害，這根本不是本意。

商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖通常會嘗試做正確的事情。

但是，如果這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在沒有理解和管理產(chǎn)生的副作用的情況下采用價值觀，那么正確的事情往往適得其反。

這些價值觀很容易妨礙實際意圖。

好啊所以我要討論的第一個價值是協(xié)作，呃，讓我給你舉個例子。

在我曾經(jīng)參加的一個管理培訓(xùn)課程中，我們被分成小組，必須用我們得到的積木在溪流上架起一座橋。

規(guī)則是，團隊中的每個人都必須在施工期間移動至少一個構(gòu)件。

這是為了鼓勵團隊合作。

但這確實是一項最好由一個人完成的工作。

其他團隊試圖在構(gòu)建結(jié)構(gòu)上進行合作，但陷入了混亂，每個人都在互相阻撓。

我們的隊長出色地解決了這個挑戰(zhàn)。

她只是要求團隊中的每個人按照規(guī)則移動一塊幾厘米，然后讓團隊中有這種智力的人自己制作。

我們比其他隊都先完成了比賽。

我的觀點是，這項任務(wù)并不真正適合團隊合作，那么為什么要讓它成為團隊合作呢？

團隊合作也會導(dǎo)致不一致，這是銷售不佳的常見原因。

就某家公司推出的智能手機而言，一位董事希望瞄準(zhǔn)商業(yè)市場，另一位董事則要求它瞄準(zhǔn)消費者。

該公司希望兩位董事都參與進來，因此給該產(chǎn)品起了一個消費者友好的名字，但將其推銷給了各公司。

結(jié)果是它滿足了兩個群體的需求。

最好讓一位董事或另一位董事都這樣做，而不是兩者都這樣。

現(xiàn)在勤奮，還是努力工作。

嘲笑那些說自己工作努力的人很容易：畢竟，一只倉鼠在輪子上跑來跑去，是在努力工作，卻一事無成。

當(dāng)然，努力工作是有價值的，但只有在目標(biāo)明確的情況下。

否則，它會浪費公司最重視的資源——時間和精力。

這對組織不利。

有一種管理模式根據(jù)四個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對人進行分組：聰明、勤奮、愚蠢和懶惰。

在這里，“懶惰”意味著有一個理性的決心，不去執(zhí)行不必要的任務(wù)。

這并不意味著完全避免工作。

大多數(shù)人都表現(xiàn)出其中兩個特點，最有價值的人是那些既聰明又懶惰的人：他們擁有清晰的知識，不會倉促做出決定。

他們提出了解決方案，以節(jié)省愚蠢而勤奮的團隊所花費的時間和精力。

聰明而懶惰的團隊沒有在一個問題上投入更多的人力，而是尋找一個更有效的解決方案。

接下來我們來談?wù)剟?chuàng)造力。

這通常效果很好——例如，制作吸引眼球的電視廣告可能會增加銷售額。

但這并不總是一件好事。

一些廣告活動因其創(chuàng)造性而被人們銘記，但對銷售沒有任何影響。

這是幾年前推出的一款巧克力棒；隨后的研究表明，許多消費者記住了廣告，但不知道廣告內(nèi)容。

麻煩的是，創(chuàng)作者從提出創(chuàng)意中獲得樂趣，并錯誤地認(rèn)為活動的觀眾會分享這種感覺。

一家推出數(shù)千種新產(chǎn)品的公司似乎比一家只有少數(shù)產(chǎn)品的公司更有創(chuàng)意，但它可能太有創(chuàng)意了，利潤也很低。

創(chuàng)造力需要有針對性地解決公司已確定的問題。

僅僅推出越來越多的新產(chǎn)品并不一定是件好事。

最后是卓越。

我們都知道那些聲稱“追求卓越”的公司，但要實現(xiàn)卓越需要很長時間。

在商業(yè)中，首先使用產(chǎn)品比擁有最好的產(chǎn)品更有利可圖。

一項關(guān)于公司績效的主要研究將先驅(qū)公司（即推出某一特定產(chǎn)品的第一個版本的公司）與追隨者公司（即復(fù)制和改進該產(chǎn)品的公司）進行了比較。

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，先驅(qū)者的平均市場份額為29%，而追隨者的市場份額不到一半，僅為13%——盡管他們的產(chǎn)品可能更好。

在我們所做的每件事上堅持卓越，既耗時又浪費能源，還會導(dǎo)致失去機會。

有時，二流的工作比優(yōu)秀更有價值。

“確保它是優(yōu)秀的”聽起來是一個很好的商業(yè)方法，但“剛剛開始”的方法可能更成功。f

三、Four business values聽力問題：

Question 31-40

Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Four business values

Many business values can result in.

Senior managers need to understand and deal with the potential that may result.

Collaboration

During a training course,the speaker was in a team that had to build a.

Other teams experienced from trying to collaborate.

The speaker's team won because they reduced collaboration.

Sales of a were poor because of collaboration.

Industriousness

Hard work may be a bad use of various company.

The word'lazy'in this context refers to people who aviod doing tasks that are.

Creativity

An advertising campaign for a was memorable but failed to boost sales.

Creativity should be used as a reponse to a particular.

Excellence According to one study,on average,pioneers had a that was far higher than that of followers.

Companies that always aim at excellence may miss opportunies.

四、Four business values聽力答案：

31.damage

32.side effects

33.bridge

34.confusion

35.smartphone

36.resources

37.unnecessary

38.chocolate bar

39.problem

40.market share

五、Four business values聽力答案解析

31.詞性判斷：名詞。定位詞：result in。根據(jù)定位詞可以知道答案為某種結(jié)果。定位到原句they can actually cause(與原文result in呼應(yīng))damage。答案為damage。

32.詞性判斷：名詞。定位詞senior managers,understand,deal with。由senior managers定位到Business leaders…。后面由but引導(dǎo)的句子要尤其注意。If those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing(與deal with相呼應(yīng))the side effects。答案為side effects。

33.詞性：名詞。定位詞：小標(biāo)題collaboration,training course,build。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題初步定位原文so the first value I’m going to discuss is collaboration。后文中提及training course，build替換為construct。答案為bridge。

34.詞性：名詞。定位詞：other teams。定位到原文：The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure,and descended into(experienced)confusion。

35.詞性：名詞。定位詞：sales。由Teamwork can also lead to…引導(dǎo)得知后面是第二個重點。In the case of(就……而言)a smartphone…得知答案為smartphone。

36.詞性：名詞。定位詞：industriousness,hard work。定位到原文of course hard work is valuable,but only(強調(diào))when properly targeted.Otherwise(否則，與題干中的a bad use呼應(yīng))it wastes the resources…答案為resources。

37.詞性：形容詞。定位詞：lazy,tasks。Here lazy means having a rational determination not to(呼應(yīng)avoid doing)carry out unnecessary tasks.答案為unnecessary。

38.詞性：名詞。定位詞：creativity,advertising campaign。定位原句：Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity,without having any effect on sales.This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar…plenty of customers remembered the adverts,but had no idea(呼應(yīng)題干)。答案為chocolate bar。

39.詞性：名詞。定位詞：creativity,particular。定位原句creativity needs to be targeted to(呼應(yīng)be used as)solve problem that…答案為problem。

40.詞性：名詞。定位詞：study,pioneers。定位原句the study found that the pioneers commanded(掌控)an average market share(市場份額)of 29 percent….答案為market share。

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