Catalhoyuk托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

2023-06-09 12:50:05 來源：中國教育在線

Catalhoyuk托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案,關(guān)于這個問題中國教育在線外語平臺小編就簡單為大家說一下。

一、Catalhoyuk托福聽力原文：

Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in an archaeology class.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:OK,we've been talking about early agriculture in the Near East,so let's concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it.Let's look at Catalhoyuk…um,I better write that down.Catalhoyuk,that's about as close as we get in English.It's Turkish really--the site's in modern-day Turkey,and who knows what the original inhabitants called it.

Anyway,um,Catalhoyuk wasn't the first agricultural settlement in the Near East,but it was pretty early--settled about 9,000 years ago,in the Neolithic period.And,uh,the settlement--a town,really--lasted about a thousand years,and grew to a size of about 8 or 10 thousand people.That certainly makes it one of the largest towns in the world at that time.

One of the things that makes a settlement of this size impressive is the time period...It's the Neolithic,remember--the late Stone Age--so the people that lived there had only stone tools--no metals--so everything they accomplished,like building this town,they did with just stone,...plus wood,bricks,that sort of thing.

But you gotta remember that it wasn't just any stone they had,they had obsidian--And,um,obsidian is a black volcanic...well,almost like glass.It flakes very nicely into really sharp points.The sharpest tools of the entire Stone Age were made of obsidian,and,uh,the people ofCatalhoyuk got theirs from further inland,from central Turkey--traded for it,probably.

Anyway,what I wanna focus on is the way the town was built.The houses are all rectangular,one-story,made of sun-dried bricks...but what's really interesting is that there are no spaces between them.No streets,in other words.And so,generally,no doors on the houses either.People walked around on the roofs and entered a house through a hatchway on the roof,down a wooden ladder.You can still see the diagonal marks of the ladders in the plaster on the inside walls.

Once you were in the house,there would be one main room and a couple of small rooms for storage.The main room had the hearth:for cooking and for heat--it would've been pretty cold during the winters.And,uh,it also looks like they made their tools near the fire:there tends to be a lot of obsidian flakes and chips in the hearth ashes.But,uh,no chimney...

the smoke just went out the same hatchway the people used for going in and out themselves.So there would've been an open fire inside the house,with only one hole in the roof to let the smoke out.You and I would've found it a bit too smoky in there.You can see on the walls,which they plastered and decorated with paintings...they ended up with a layer of black soot on them...and so did people's lungs--the bones found in the graves show a layer of soot on the inside of the ribs.And that's another unusual feature ofCatalhoyuk--the burial sites.

The graves have all been found under the houses--right under the floors.And it may be this burial custom that explains why the houses were packed in so tightly without streets.I mean,you might think it was for protection or something,but there's been no evidence found yet of any violent attack that would indicate that kind of danger.It may be they wanted to live as near as possible to their ancestors'graves...and be buried near them themselves.But it makes a good point.

Based on excavations we can know the layout of the houses,and the location of the graves,but we're only guessing when we try to say why they did it that way.That's the way it is with archaeology--you're dealing with the physical remains the people left behind.We have no sure access to what they thought and how they felt about things.I mean,it's interesting to speculate,and the physical artifacts can give us clues,but there's a lot we can't really know.

So for instance,their art. They painted on the plaster walls,and uh,usually they painted hunting scenes,with wild animals in them.Now,they did hunt,and they also raised cereal crops and kept sheep.But we don't know why so many of the paintings are of hunting scenes.Was it supposed to have religious or magical significance?That's the kind of thing we can only guess at,based on clues,and hopefully further excavation of Catalhoyuk will yield more clues.But we'll probably never know for sure.

二、Catalhoyuk托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在考古學(xué)課上聽一節(jié)課的一部分。

女教授：好的，我們一直在談?wù)摻鼥|的早期農(nóng)業(yè)，所以讓我們集中在一個地方，看看我們能從中學(xué)到什么。讓我們看看加泰羅尼亞克……嗯，我最好把它寫下來。加泰羅尼亞克，這差不多是我們用英語所能說的。這真的是土耳其語——這個遺址位于現(xiàn)代土耳其，誰知道最初的居民叫它什么。

總之，加泰羅尼亞克不是近東第一個農(nóng)業(yè)定居點，但它很早就建立了，大約9000年前，在新石器時代。而且，呃，這個定居點——一個城鎮(zhèn)，實際上——持續(xù)了大約一千年，發(fā)展到了大約八千或一萬人的規(guī)模。這無疑使它成為當(dāng)時世界上最大的城鎮(zhèn)之一。

使如此規(guī)模的定居點令人印象深刻的一個因素是時間周期。。。這是新石器時代，記住--石器時代晚期--所以住在那里的人只有石器工具--沒有金屬--所以他們完成的一切，比如建造這個城鎮(zhèn)，他們只用石頭，。。。再加上木頭、磚塊之類的東西。

但你要記住，他們并不是只有石頭，他們有黑曜石--而且，嗯，黑曜石是一種黑色火山巖。。。嗯，就像玻璃一樣。它很好地剝落成非常鋒利的尖頭。整個石器時代最鋒利的工具是由黑曜石制成的，呃，卡塔洛約克人是從更遠的內(nèi)陸地區(qū)，土耳其中部得到的——可能是用它來交易的。

不管怎樣，我想關(guān)注的是這個城鎮(zhèn)的建設(shè)方式。這些房子都是長方形的，一層樓，由曬干的磚砌成。。。但真正有趣的是，它們之間沒有空格。換句話說，沒有街道。所以，一般來說，房子上也沒有門。人們在屋頂上走來走去，從屋頂上的一個艙口，沿著木梯進入一所房子。你仍然可以看到內(nèi)墻上石膏上梯子的對角線標(biāo)記。

一旦你在房子里，就會有一個主房間和兩個小房間來存放東西。主房間有壁爐：用來做飯和取暖——冬天會很冷。而且，呃，看起來他們的工具也是在火附近制作的：爐灰中往往有很多黑曜石薄片和碎片。但是，呃，沒有煙囪。。。

煙霧只是從人們自己進出的同一個艙口冒出來。因此，房子里可能會發(fā)生明火，屋頂上只有一個洞可以讓煙霧排出。你和我會發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有點煙霧彌漫。你可以在墻上看到，墻上貼滿了灰泥，裝飾著油畫。。。最后他們身上有一層黑煙。。。人們的肺也是如此——在墳?zāi)估锇l(fā)現(xiàn)的骨頭顯示肋骨內(nèi)側(cè)有一層煤煙。這是Cataloyuk的另一個不尋常的特征——墓地。

墳?zāi)苟际窃诜孔酉旅妗驮诘匕逑旅嬲业降?。也許正是這種喪葬習(xí)俗解釋了為什么房子擠得那么緊，沒有街道。我的意思是，你可能會認(rèn)為這是為了保護或其他什么，但目前還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何暴力襲擊的證據(jù)表明存在這種危險。也許他們想住在離祖先墳?zāi)贡M可能近的地方。。。埋在他們身邊。但這是一個很好的觀點。

根據(jù)挖掘，我們可以知道房屋的布局和墳?zāi)沟奈恢?，但?dāng)我們試圖說出他們?yōu)槭裁茨菢幼鰰r，我們只能猜測?？脊艑W(xué)就是這樣的——你在處理人們留下的有形遺骸。我們無法確切了解他們的想法和感受。我的意思是，推測起來很有趣，實物文物可以給我們提供線索，但有很多我們真的不知道。

例如，他們的藝術(shù)；他們在灰泥墻上作畫，呃，通常他們畫狩獵場景，里面有野生動物。現(xiàn)在，他們確實打獵，他們還飼養(yǎng)谷物和綿羊。但我們不知道為什么這么多畫都是狩獵場景。它應(yīng)該具有宗教或魔法意義嗎？根據(jù)線索，這是我們只能猜測的事情，希望對加泰羅尼亞克的進一步挖掘?qū)a(chǎn)生更多線索。但我們可能永遠無法確定。

三、Catalhoyuk托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Art in the Neolithic period

B.The site of a Neolithic town

C.Methods of making stone tools

D.The domestication of plants and animals by early farmers

Q2:2.What does the professor imply about the tools used by the people of Catalhoyuk?

A.They were made of stone that came from Catalhoyuk.

B.They were among the sharpest tools available at the time.

C.They were often used in religious rituals.

D.They were used primarily for agriculture.

Q3:3.What does the professor say about the entrances to the houses in Catalhoyuk?

Click on 2 answers.

A.They were in the roof.

B.They were usually kept closed.

C.They allowed smoke to escape from the houses.

D.They stood opposite one another across narrow streets.

Q4:4.What does the professor say about Catalhoyuk graves?

A.The graves contained precious stones.

B.Many people were buried in each grave.

C.The graves were located under the house floors.

D.The graves contained ashes rather than bones.

Q5:5.What does the professor think of the idea that the inhabitants of Catalhoyuk deliberately arranged their houses so that they could live near their ancestors'graves?

A.She thinks it is a good guess,but only a guess.

B.She thinks some evidence supports it,but other evidence contradicts it.

C.She thinks that further excavations will soon disprove it.

D.She thinks that it is not appropriate to make such guesses about the distant past.

Q6:6.What are three things the professor says about the artwork of Catalhoyuk?Click on 3 answers.

A.It was clearly important to the Catalhoyuk religion.

B.It became covered with soot.

C.It often shows farmers at work.

D.Its significance is unknown.

E.It contains many hunting scenes

四、Catalhoyuk托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B