托福tpo65聽力lecture2 Resilience

托福tpo65聽力lecture2 Resilience，今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個問題。

Resilience托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Resilience托福聽力原文：

Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.

Professor:There’s a common notion that psychology is about what’s wrong with people,but psychology also offers us important tools for living happier,for getting more satisfaction out of life.And a key concept in the field of health psychology is resilience.

When resilient people face adversity,they generally refuse to be discouraged.So when a negative event occurs,say,losing a job or another major setback,are they like,uh,“why did this happen to me?”or do they try to bounce right back and perhaps learn something meaningful.This attitude,this tendency to deal with difficulties in a positive way is what we call resilience.

Resilient people don’t generally feel like victims or feel sorry for themselves or complain a lot when things go wrong.Instead,they use active coping mechanisms.Active coping includes things like finding social support and reframing stressful situations in a positive light.And research shows that using active coping mechanisms is associated with an improved sense of well-being.

Take this scenario.The psychology department here recently started offering some courses online over the internet,but before students can enroll,they have to master some fairly complicated computer skills.Some students get frustrated easily and perceive this challenge to be insurmountable.They just sit around complaining.

But students who are more resilient find a way to learn the technology.They even seem to like the challenge,even when it’s more difficult than they expected and not much fun,unlike the first group who just throw up their hands.

What I’m talking about is persistence,coming back again and again after repeated failures.Persistence is another aspect of resiliency,and so is seeking to learn from adversity,realizing the value of what we take away from one challenge and using it to help us tackle the next challenge.

Think of resilience as a set of personality traits that predisposed someone to approach a difficult situation as a challenge that can be overcome and that might even offer an opportunity for some deeper understanding.

Female Student:So do you think resilient personality traits are inborn or are they learned,acquired somehow?

Professor:Well,I don’t want to go into biology,but there’s some evidence that you are born with a certain predisposition,let’s say.So you have a genetic factor there.However,if you are raised in a family where people have a lot of energy,where parents coach their children through adversity,that predisposition isn’t going to affect you as much as the environment in which you are raised.

Now,having said that,if you’re raised in a home where it tends to be negative,that’s going to affect how you see the world,but not irreparably,you can have other adults in your life,other than your parents,what we call natural mentors,who can model and encourage resilient behavior,maybe a grandparent,or neighbor or a coach who inspires you to practice harder after losing again.

Male Student:Say once you are an adult and you are out of school living on your own,is it possible to teach yourself to become more resilient?

Professor:Well,historically,the predominant view was that personality was pretty much set by age 30,but recently we found evidence suggesting that fundamental personality traits such as agreeableness and willingness to take risks can change to some degree.

One major survey found that experiences like education,jobs,and parenting can alter personality and generally for the good.For example,holding down a job requires that a person be conscientious and organized,so people tend to become more responsible as they age.So while it does get harder to change the older we get,it is possible.

But to be more specific about your question,how can we become more resilient?Well,first we need to identify traits we have that make us less resilient.Which traits might fit into that category?

Female Student:Uh,impatience or fear of failure?

Professor:Sure,also being overly critical of ourselves,demanding perfection.By becoming aware of such tendencies,it may be easier to block or ignore them when they get in our way.But we should also identify our traits that can help us become more resilient.Like perfectionists tend to be very good at setting goals,so they could set a new goal,becoming more resilient.It also helps to ask the support of friends,to encourage them,like those frustrated psychology students I mentioned earlier.A friend could help them identify what’s blocking them,fear of breaking the computer maybe,and reassure them,and also stress the rewards of taking online courses,like getting a good education or finding a whole new career.

二、Resilience托福聽力中文翻譯：

在心理學(xué)課上聽一部分講座。

教授：有一個普遍的觀點認為心理學(xué)是關(guān)于人的問題，但心理學(xué)也為我們提供了重要的工具，讓我們生活得更快樂，讓我們從生活中獲得更多的滿足感。健康心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一個關(guān)鍵概念是彈性。

當(dāng)有韌性的人面對逆境時，他們通常拒絕泄氣。所以當(dāng)一個負面事件發(fā)生時，比如說，失去一份工作或另一次重大挫折，他們會像，呃，“為什么會發(fā)生在我身上？”或者，他們是否試圖立即恢復(fù)活力，或許還能學(xué)到一些有意義的東西。這種態(tài)度，這種以積極的方式處理困難的傾向，就是我們所說的韌性。

有韌性的人通常不會覺得自己是受害者，不會為自己感到遺憾，也不會在事情出錯時抱怨太多。相反，他們使用積極的應(yīng)對機制。積極應(yīng)對包括尋求社會支持和積極應(yīng)對壓力。研究表明，使用積極應(yīng)對機制與改善幸福感相關(guān)。

以這個場景為例。這里的心理學(xué)系最近開始通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供一些在線課程，但在學(xué)生注冊之前，他們必須掌握一些相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的計算機技能。一些學(xué)生很容易感到沮喪，認為這是一個無法克服的挑戰(zhàn)。他們只是坐著抱怨。

但更具彈性的學(xué)生找到了學(xué)習(xí)這項技術(shù)的方法。他們甚至似乎喜歡這項挑戰(zhàn)，即使挑戰(zhàn)比他們預(yù)期的更困難，也沒有多少樂趣，而第一組人只是舉手。

我所說的是堅持，在屢次失敗后一次又一次地回來。堅持是彈性的另一個方面，也是從逆境中學(xué)習(xí)，認識到我們從一個挑戰(zhàn)中獲得的價值，并利用它幫助我們應(yīng)對下一個挑戰(zhàn)。

把韌性看作是一系列性格特征，使人傾向于將困難處境視為可以克服的挑戰(zhàn)，甚至可能提供一個更深入理解的機會。

女學(xué)生：那么你認為彈性人格特質(zhì)是天生的還是后天習(xí)得的？

教授：我不想學(xué)生物學(xué)，但有證據(jù)表明你天生就有某種傾向。所以你有一個遺傳因素。然而，如果你在一個人們精力旺盛的家庭中長大，父母指導(dǎo)孩子度過逆境，那么這種傾向?qū)δ愕挠绊懖粫駥δ愠砷L環(huán)境的影響那樣大。

話雖如此，如果你在一個消極的家庭中長大，這將影響你對世界的看法，但不是無可挽回的，你的生活中可以有其他成年人，而不是你的父母，我們稱之為自然導(dǎo)師，他們可以塑造和鼓勵有韌性的行為，也許是祖父母，或者鄰居或教練，他們會鼓勵你在再次失敗后更加努力地練習(xí)。

男學(xué)生：比如說，一旦你長大成人，離開學(xué)校獨自生活，你有可能教自己變得更有彈性嗎？

教授：從歷史上看，主流觀點認為性格基本上是由30歲決定的，但最近我們發(fā)現(xiàn)證據(jù)表明，基本的性格特征，如隨和性和冒險意愿，可以在一定程度上發(fā)生變化。

一項主要調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，教育、工作和養(yǎng)育子女等經(jīng)歷可以改變?nèi)烁?，通常是有益的。例如，保住一份工作需要一個人有責(zé)任心和組織性，所以隨著年齡的增長，人們往往會變得更負責(zé)任。因此，雖然隨著年齡的增長，改變確實變得越來越困難，但這是可能的。

但更具體地說，你的問題是，我們?nèi)绾尾拍茏兊酶袕椥?？首先，我們需要確定那些讓我們?nèi)狈椥缘奶刭|(zhì)。哪些特征可能屬于這一類？

女學(xué)生：嗯，不耐煩還是害怕失??？

教授：當(dāng)然，也對自己過于挑剔，要求完美。通過了解這些趨勢，當(dāng)它們阻礙我們前進時，我們可能更容易阻止或忽視它們。但我們也應(yīng)該確定能夠幫助我們變得更有彈性的特質(zhì)。像完美主義者一樣，他們往往非常擅長設(shè)定目標(biāo)，因此他們可以設(shè)定新的目標(biāo)，變得更有彈性。這也有助于尋求朋友的支持，鼓勵他們，就像我前面提到的那些沮喪的心理學(xué)學(xué)生一樣。朋友可以幫助他們識別是什么阻礙了他們，擔(dān)心電腦可能會壞掉，讓他們安心，還可以強調(diào)參加在線課程的回報，比如接受良好的教育或找到一份全新的職業(yè)。

三、Resilience托福聽力問題：

Q1:What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To discuss the relationship between a person's personality and his or her age

B.To describe a set of personality traits that are helpful in dealing with problems

C.To explain recent findings about personality formation

D.To describe some personality traits that are mainly genetic in nature

Q2:Why does the professor mention online courses being offered by the psychology department?

A.To give an example of a problem faced by the psychology department

B.To contrast two ways of responding to a challenge

C.To point out that online courses can lead to a career in health psychology

D.To encourage students to register for courses

Q3:What point does the professor make about natural mentors?

A.They are usually parents.

B.They do not necessarily have resilient personalities.

C.They appear to be born with resilient personality traits.

D.They can help young people deal with negative situations.

Q4:According to the professor,how do the demands of working at a regular job affect a person?

A.They often test a person's resilience.

B.They can lead to positive personality change.

C.They may lead a person to change jobs frequently.

D.They provide perfectionists with opportunities for job satisfaction.

Q5:According to the professor,what can people do to become more resilient?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Become aware of their positive and negative personality traits

B.Take an online psychology course

C.Ask others for help

D.Avoid setting goals that are overly ambitious

Q6:Why does the professor say this:

A.To share how she felt about negative experiences in her own life

B.To indicate how people normally feel under challenging circumstances

C.To suggest a question that leads to a deeper understanding of oneself

D.To illustrate an important concept by describing its opposite

四、Resilience托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：B

A3:正確答案：D

A4:正確答案：B

A5:正確答案：AC

A6:正確答案：D

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