Christopher Columbus托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Christopher Columbus托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Christopher Columbus 托福聽力原文：

FEMALE PROFESSOR: It's interesting how much we can learn about culture in the United States by looking at how Christopher Columbus has been portrayed throughout United States history. So let's start at the beginning.

Columbus' ships first landed in, uh, landed in the Caribbean—there's some debate about which island—he landed in 1492 but it wasn't until 300 years later, in 1792, that his landing was first commemorated. And this was the brainchild of John Pintard.

Pintard was a wealthy New Yorker, the founder of the New York Historical Society. And he decided to use his influence and wealth to, um, to find a great hero, a patron for the young country. And he chose Columbus.

And in New York in 1792, the anniversary of Columbus' landing was commemorated for the first time.Other cities, uh, Philadelphia and then Baltimore followed and …

MALE STUDENT: But why Columbus? And why then?

FEMALE PROFESSOR: Well, to Pintard, it was a way to build patriotism in the young, politically fractured country. Remember, the United States had only declared its independence from Britain 16 years earlier and had yet to form a national identity.

Pintard also had a hand in helping to create Independence Day—July fourth—as a national holiday. So you see that he was very involved in creating sort of a “national story” for Americans. And Columbus … he felt Columbus could become a story that Americans could tell each other about their national origins that was outside of the British colonial context. The United States was in search of a national identity, and its people wanted heroes.

MALE STUDENT: But why not some of the leaders of the revolution? You know, like George Washington?

FEMALE PROFESSOR: The leaders of the Revolution were the natural candidates to be heroes. But, many were still alive and didn't want the job. To them, being raised to hero status was undemocratic. So Columbus became the hero, and the link between Columbus and the United States took hold.

FEMALE STUDENT: And so what was that link?

FEMALE PROFESSOR: Well, Columbus was portrayed as entrepreneurial, someone who took chances, who took risks … And he was cast as somebody who was opposed to the rule of kings and queens. Perhaps most of all, Columbus was portrayed as someone who was destined to accomplish things. Just as America in those early years was coming to see itself as having a great destiny.

FEMALE STUDENT: But Columbus was supported by the king and queen of Spain, he wasn't against them.

FEMALE PROFESSOR: True. To be historically accurate, the way Pintard thought about Columbus doesn't match up with the facts of his life at all. And I really have to stress this: the fact that Columbus became the hero of the young country had little to do with Columbus—anything he did—and a lot to do with what was happening in the United States 300 years later.

Columbus was extraordinarily adaptable to the purposes of America's nation builders—people like John Pintard—in the early part of the nineteenth century. And since not a lot of facts were known about Columbus … his writings weren't available in North America until, until 1816 … that might have actually helped the process of adapting him to American purposes.

MALE STUDENT: Since no one knew much about the “real” Columbus, it was easy to invent a mythical one?

FEMALE PROFESSOR: Exactly. And this “mythical Columbus,” it … it became a reflection of the society which chose him.

So, in the early history of the United States, Columbus represented an escape from the political institutions of Europe; he was the solitary individual who challenged the unknown. And now there was this new democracy, this new country in a world without kings. Columbus became sort of the mythical founder of the country.

So, as historians, we wouldn’t want to study these myths about Columbus and mistake them for facts about Columbus. But if we’re trying to understand American culture, then we can learn much by studying how America adapts Columbus for its own purposes.

Evaluations of Columbus, then, will reflect what Americans think of themselves. Oh . . . there's a quote … something like … “societies reconstruct their past rather than faithfully record it.” And how that reconstruction takes place, and what it tells us … that's something we're going to be paying a lot of attention to …

二、Christopher Columbus 托福聽力中文翻譯：

女教授：通過觀察克里斯托弗·哥倫布（ChristopherColumbus）在美國(guó)歷史上的形象，我們可以了解美國(guó)文化的多少，這很有趣。讓我們從頭開始。

哥倫布的船只首次登陸加勒比海，關(guān)于1492年他登陸了哪個(gè)島嶼，有一些爭(zhēng)論，但直到300年后的1792年，人們才首次紀(jì)念他的登陸。這是約翰·平塔的創(chuàng)意。

品塔是一位富有的紐約人，紐約歷史學(xué)會(huì)的創(chuàng)始人。他決定利用自己的影響力和財(cái)富，嗯，找到一位偉大的英雄，一位年輕國(guó)家的贊助人。他選擇了哥倫布。

1792年，哥倫布首次在紐約登陸周年紀(jì)念。其他城市，呃，費(fèi)城和巴爾的摩緊隨其后…

男學(xué)生：為什么是哥倫布？那為什么呢？

女教授：對(duì)平塔來說，這是一種在這個(gè)政治上四分五裂的年輕國(guó)家建立愛國(guó)主義的方式。記住，美國(guó)16年前才宣布脫離英國(guó)獨(dú)立，還沒有形成一個(gè)民族認(rèn)同。

平塔也參與了將獨(dú)立日7月4日定為國(guó)定假日的活動(dòng)。所以你可以看到，他非常熱衷于為美國(guó)人創(chuàng)造一種“國(guó)家故事”。而哥倫布……他覺得哥倫布可以成為一個(gè)故事，讓美國(guó)人可以相互講述他們的民族起源，而這與英國(guó)殖民背景無關(guān)。美國(guó)正在尋求民族認(rèn)同，美國(guó)人民需要英雄。

男學(xué)生：但是為什么革命的一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人不呢？你知道，就像喬治·華盛頓？

女教授：革命領(lǐng)袖是英雄的自然候選人。但是，許多人還活著，不想得到這份工作。對(duì)他們來說，被提升為英雄地位是不民主的。因此，哥倫布成了英雄，哥倫布與美國(guó)之間的聯(lián)系開始牢固起來。

女學(xué)生：那么那是什么聯(lián)系呢？

女教授：哥倫布被描繪成一個(gè)企業(yè)家，一個(gè)敢于冒險(xiǎn)的人……他被塑造成一個(gè)反對(duì)國(guó)王和王后統(tǒng)治的人。也許最重要的是，哥倫布被描繪成一個(gè)注定要取得成就的人。正如早年的美國(guó)逐漸意識(shí)到自己有著偉大的命運(yùn)一樣。

女學(xué)生：但哥倫布得到了西班牙國(guó)王和王后的支持，他并不反對(duì)他們。

女教授：沒錯(cuò)。準(zhǔn)確地說，平塔對(duì)哥倫布的看法與他的生活事實(shí)根本不符。我必須強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)：哥倫布成為這個(gè)年輕國(guó)家的英雄這一事實(shí)與他所做的一切無關(guān)，與300年后美國(guó)發(fā)生的事情有很大關(guān)系。

哥倫布非常適合美國(guó)建國(guó)者的目的，就像十九世紀(jì)早期的約翰·平塔一樣。由于哥倫布的情況并不多見……直到1816年，他的著作才在北美問世……這實(shí)際上可能有助于他適應(yīng)美國(guó)的目的。

男學(xué)生：因?yàn)闆]有人對(duì)“真正的”哥倫布知道很多，所以很容易創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)神話？

女教授：沒錯(cuò)。而這個(gè)“神話中的哥倫布”，它……它成為了選擇他的社會(huì)的反映。

因此，在美國(guó)早期的歷史上，哥倫布代表了對(duì)歐洲政治制度的逃避；他是唯一一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)未知的人?，F(xiàn)在有了一個(gè)新的民主國(guó)家，一個(gè)沒有國(guó)王的世界里的新國(guó)家。哥倫布成了這個(gè)國(guó)家神話般的締造者。

所以，作為歷史學(xué)家，我們不想研究這些關(guān)于哥倫布的神話，而把它們誤認(rèn)為是關(guān)于哥倫布的事實(shí)。但是，如果我們?cè)噲D了解美國(guó)文化，那么我們可以通過研究美國(guó)如何為自己的目的而適應(yīng)哥倫布來學(xué)到很多東西。

那么，對(duì)哥倫布的評(píng)價(jià)將反映美國(guó)人對(duì)自己的看法。哦有句話……有點(diǎn)像……“社會(huì)重建他們的過去，而不是忠實(shí)地記錄它。”以及重建是如何進(jìn)行的，它告訴我們什么……這是我們將非常關(guān)注的事情…

三、Christopher Columbus 托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A. The growth and influence of historical institutions in the early United States

B. Facts and myths about Christopher Columbus

C. New information about events that occurred during Columbus' explorations

D. How Columbus' story was used to help create a national identity for the United States

Q2:2.According to the professor, why did John Pintard promote the commemoration of the three hundredth anniversary of Columbus' landing?

A. To encourage patriotism

B. To demonstrate his own wealth and influence

C. To lessen the influence held by the leaders of the American revolution

D. To correct what he claimed were mistaken beliefs about Columbus

Q3:3.What were two contributing factors to the selection of Columbus as a United States national hero? [Click on 2 answers.]

A. His writings were popular at the time

B. He had no connection to the rulers of Britain.

C. The leaders of the revolution did not want to be considered heroes.

D. Few people were more famous in the early years of the United States.

Q4:4.What does the professor imply about the facts of Columbus' life?

A. They were not relevant for Pintard's purposes.

B. They are an important part of early United States history.

C. They are not presented accurately in Columbus' own writings.

D. They were researched thoroughly before his selection as a national hero

Q5:5.What is the professor's attitude toward studying what she calls the "mythical Columbus"?

A. It is a good way to discover facts about Columbus' explorations.

B. It is a way to learn about the society that created the myth.

C. It is likely to cause confusion among those who want to learn United States history.

D. It is not as interesting as doing research into the writings of Columbus.

Q6:6.Why does the student say this:Since no one knew much about the real Columbus, it was easy to invent a mythical one?

A. To question the accuracy of the professor’s statement

B. To ask for examples of mistaken beliefs about Columbus

C. To propose an alternative explanation

D. To find out if he understood the professor's point

四、Christopher Columbus 托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：D

A2:正確答案：A

A3:正確答案：BC

A4:正確答案：A

A5:正確答案：B

A6:正確答案：D

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