Snowshoe Hare托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

2023-06-01 15:19:33 來源：中國教育在線

Snowshoe Hare托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Snowshoe Hare托福聽力原文：

Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.

Female Professor:Now James,you said you've been to the state of Maine,right?Male Student:Yeah,actually,I lived in western Maine till I was about 16.Female Professor:Great.So why don't you tell everybody what it's like there in the winter.Male Student: In the winter?Well,it's cold…and there's lots of snow.You wouldn't believe how much snow we used to get.

Female Professor:Actually,I would.I did field research up there a couple of winters,and it really is an incredible environment.And to survive in that sort of environment,animals have to adapt…to evolve in response to their surroundings.

As you'll recall,an adaptation is any feature—uh,physical or behavioral feature—of a species that helps it survive and reproduce.And in adapting to extreme climates—like Maine in the wintertime—animals can evolve in pretty interesting ways.Take,for example,the snowshoe hare.

OK,the snowshoe hare—and of course that’s“H-A-R-E,”like a rabbit…though I probably should mention that technically a hare is not exactly the same as a rabbit,even though it is very similar.The primary difference is that a rabbit’s young are born blind and without fur,while a hare’s babies are born with a full coat and able to see.Now,this snowshoe hare…tell me…what sort of adaptations do you think it's developed that help it survive the Maine winters?I’ll give you a hint.Food isn't an issue.The hare actually has abundant food in the small twigs it finds.Male Student:Well,I don't know.I mean,I know we used to try to look for those rabbits,…uh hares,when we went hiking in the winter,but it was often hard to find them in the snow.Female Professor:Yes,that's exactly right.The major concern of the snowshoe hare in the winter is predators,and now that includes humans.So one of its adaptations is basically camouflage.In other words,its coat—its fur—turns from brown in the summer to white in the winter,which makes it harder for the hare’s predators to see it against the white snow.

Male Student:Yeah,but I could swear I remember seeing rabbits in the snow a couple of times…I mean hares…that were brown.

Female Professor:Well,you may very well have.Timing is really important,but the snowshoe hare doesn’t always get it exactly right.Its chances for survival are best if it turns white about the time of the first snowfall.And,it’s the amount of daylight that triggers the changing of the hare’s coat.As the days get shorter—that is,as the Sun is up for a shorter and shorter time each day—the snowshoe hare starts growing white fur and shedding its brown fur.

The hare does a pretty good job with its timing,but sometimes—when there’s a really early or late snow—it stands out.Plus,it takes about a month for the snowshoe hare's coat to completely change color,so if there's a particularly early snowfall,it's very likely that the hare’s fur would not yet be totally white.And that would make this a particularly dangerous time for the hare.OK,what else?Other adaptations?Susan?

Female Student:Well,it’s called a hare.So are its feet somehow protected from the cold?Female Professor:Well,this animal's name does have to do with an adaptation of its feet,though not like it has warm furry boots or something,to keep its feet from getting cold.You’ve probably never needed to wear snowshoes,but…well,snowshoes are not like thick furry shoes designed to keep the feet warm.They’re actually quite thin,but very wide.

What they do is spread out the weight of the foot coming down on the snow.See,the problem with walking on snow is that you sink in with every step.But with snowshoes,you don't sink in,you walk on top of the snow.It makes walking through the Maine countryside in the winter much easier.Anyway,the snowshoe hare has an adaptation that plays on this same idea—it has hind feet that act like snowshoes.I mean,its paws are wide,and they allow the hare to hop and run just at the surface of deep snow.And this is a huge advantage for the snowshoe hare,since,by contrast,the feet of its predators usually sink right down into the snow.Now,another advantage related to this is that,unlike many animals in winter,snowshoe hares can stay lean and lightweight—they accumulate essentially no body fat.Can anyone guess why this is so?Female Student:They don't eat very much?Female Professor:Well,yes.But not because there isn't enough food around.It's because,like I said,food is almost always within reach and they don't have to store up a lot of food energy for the harsh winters.

二、Snowshoe Hare托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在生物課上聽一節(jié)課的一部分。

女教授：詹姆斯，你說你去過緬因州，對嗎？男學生：是的，事實上，我在緬因州西部一直住到16歲左右。女教授：太好了。那你為什么不告訴大家那里冬天的情況呢。男學生：；在冬天？嗯，天氣很冷……而且雪很多。你不會相信我們過去下了多少雪。

女教授：事實上，我會的。幾年冬天，我在那里做了實地調(diào)查，那里的環(huán)境真是令人難以置信。為了在這樣的環(huán)境中生存，動物必須適應……進化以適應環(huán)境。

正如你所記得的，適應是一個物種幫助其生存和繁殖的任何特征，呃，生理或行為特征。為了適應冬季緬因州這樣的極端氣候，動物可以以非常有趣的方式進化。以雪鞋兔為例。

好的，雪鞋兔，當然這是“H-A-R-E”，就像一只兔子……雖然我可能應該提到，從技術上講，兔子與兔子并不完全相同，盡管它非常相似。主要的區(qū)別在于，兔子的幼崽天生失明，沒有皮毛，而兔子的幼崽天生就有一身完整的皮毛，能夠看見東西?，F(xiàn)在，這只雪鞋兔……告訴我……你認為它經(jīng)過了什么樣的適應才能在緬因州的冬天存活下來？我給你一個提示。食物不是問題。事實上，兔子在找到的小樹枝上有豐富的食物。男學生：嗯，我不知道。我的意思是，我知道我們過去常常試圖尋找那些兔子，…嗯，兔子，當我們在冬天徒步旅行時，但通常很難在雪中找到它們。女教授：是的，完全正確。雪鞋兔在冬天最擔心的是捕食者，現(xiàn)在也包括人類。所以它的一個適應基本上是偽裝。換言之，它的皮毛在夏天從棕色變成了白色，這使得兔子的捕食者很難在白雪中看到它。

男生：是的，但我可以發(fā)誓我記得有幾次在雪地里看到兔子……我是說兔子……它們是棕色的。

女教授：嗯，你很可能有。時機確實很重要，但雪鞋兔并不總是完全正確。如果它在第一場雪的時候變白，它的生存機會就最大了。而且，正是日照量觸發(fā)了兔子皮毛的變化。隨著白天越來越短，也就是說，隨著每天太陽升起的時間越來越短，雪兔開始長出白色的皮毛，脫落棕色的皮毛。

野兔在時間上做得很好，但有時當雪下得很早或很晚的時候，它會顯得很突出。此外，雪鞋兔子的皮毛需要大約一個月的時間才能完全變色，因此，如果降雪特別早，兔子的皮毛很可能還沒有完全變白。這對兔子來說將是一個特別危險的時刻。好的，還有什么？其他調(diào)整？蘇珊？

女學生：嗯，它叫野兔。那么，它的腳是否有某種程度的御寒保護？女教授：嗯，這種動物的名字確實與它的腳的適應有關，雖然不像它有溫暖的毛茸茸的靴子之類的東西，以防止它的腳變冷。你可能從來都不需要穿雪鞋，但是……嗯，雪鞋不像厚厚的毛茸茸的鞋子那樣可以保暖。它們實際上很薄，但很寬。

他們所做的是分散掉落在雪上的腳的重量?？?，在雪上行走的問題是你每走一步都會陷進去。但穿雪鞋，你不會陷進去，你會在雪地上行走。這使得冬天在緬因州的鄉(xiāng)村行走變得更加容易。不管怎樣，雪鞋兔有一個改編版本，它的后腳就像雪鞋一樣。我的意思是，它的爪子很寬，允許兔子在深雪的表面跳躍和奔跑。這對雪鞋兔來說是一個巨大的優(yōu)勢，因為相比之下，它的掠食者的腳通常會直接陷進雪中?，F(xiàn)在，與此相關的另一個優(yōu)勢是，與冬天的許多動物不同，雪鞋兔可以保持苗條和輕盈，它們基本上不會積累身體脂肪。誰能猜出為什么會這樣？女學生：他們吃得不多？女教授：嗯，是的。但不是因為周圍沒有足夠的食物。這是因為，正如我所說，食物幾乎總是唾手可得，它們不必為嚴冬儲存大量食物能量。

三、Snowshoe Hare托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Typical features of the snowshoe hare that do not result from adaption

B.Various strategies used by snowshoe hares to find food during the winter

C.Characteristics that snowshoe hares have developed in response to their environment

D.Interactions between snowshoe hares and human populations in the state of Maine

Q2:2.According to the professor,what causes the snowshoe hare’s fur to begin turning white?

A.A decrease in the hours that the Sun is up each day

B.A sudden drop in temperature

C.The increasing amount of snow on the ground

D.The changing nature of the food supply

Q3:3.Why might an early snowfall be a particularlydangerous time for the snowshoe hare?

A.Its feet would not yet have grown to resemble snowshoes.

B.Its babies would not yet be able to keep themselves warm.

C.Its chances of being seen by a predator are much higher.

D.It might not be able to locate whether it stored its food supply.

Q4:4.The professor implies that the snowshoe hare has an advantage over other animals because of its unusual feet.What is that advantage?

A.It can reach food in higher locations better than its competitors.

B.It can stay warm in cold weather longer than its competitors.

C.It can outrun its predators in deep snow.

D.It can dig under the snow to hide from its predators.

Q5:5.The professor explains that the snowshoe hare’s supply is available year-round.What does the availability of the food allow the snow shoe hare to do?

A.Store body fat for the cold months

B.Remain lightweight through the winter

C.Give birth during the winter

D.Grow fur quickly during the first year after birth

Q6:6.Why does the student say this:

A.He wants to support the professor’s point with an example.

B.He is grateful the professor has answered his question.

C.The professor’s explanation contradicts his own experience.

D.The professor may not believe he is telling the truth.

四、Snowshoe Hare托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：A