A discussion about animal's deception托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

A discussion about animal's deception托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、A discussion about animal's deception托福聽力原文：

Narrator:Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.

Male Student:Hi,Professor Anderson.That was really an interesting lecture in class today.Female Professor:Thanks,Tom.Yeah,animals’use of deception…ways they play tricks on other animals…that’s a fascinating area.One we’re really just starting to understand.Male Student:Yeah.You know,selective adaptations over time are one thing…oh,like uh,nonpoisonous butterflies that have come to look like poisonous ones…But the idea that animals of the same species intentionally deceive each other…I’d never heard that before.

Female Professor:Right,like... uh,like—there are male frogs who lower their voices and end up sounding bigger than they really are.Male Student:So they do that to keep other frogs from invading their territory.

Female Professor:Right.Bigger frogs have deeper voices,so if a smaller frog can imitate that deep voice,well…Male Student:Yeah,I can see how that might do the trick.But uh…anyway…what I wanted to ask was,when you started talking about game theory,well,I know a little bit about it,but I’m not clear about its use in biology.Female Professor:Yeah…it’s fairly new to biology.Basically,it uses math to predict what an individual will do under certain circumstances.For example—a business sells…oh,computers,say.And they want to sell their computers to a big university.But there’s another company bidding,too.So what should they do?Male Student:Well,try to offer the lowest price so they can compete,but still make money.Female Professor:Right,they’re competing—like a game,like the frogs.There’re risks with pricing too high,the other company might get the sale…there’s also the number and type of computers to consider.Each company has to find a balance between the costs and benefits.Well,game theory creates mathematical models that analyze different conditions like these to predict outcomes.

Male Student:OK,I-I get that.But how does it apply to animals?

Female Professor:Well…You know,if you’re interested in this topic,it would be perfect for your term paper.

Male Student:The literature review?Female Professor:Yeah.Find three journal articles about this...or another topic that interests you…and discuss them.If there’s a conflict in the conclusions or something…that’d be important to discuss.Male Student:Well,from what I’ve looked at dealing with game theory…I can’t say I understand much of the statistics end.Female Professor:Well,I can point you to some that present fairly basic studies…that don’t assume much background knowledge.You’ll just need to answer a few specific questions…what was the researchers’hypothesis…what did they want to find out. And how did they conduct their research…and then the conclusions they came to.Learning to interpret the statistics will come later.

二、A discussion about animal's deception托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：聽一段學(xué)生和教授之間的對話。

男學(xué)生：嗨，安德森教授。今天的課上真是一場有趣的講座。女教授：謝謝，湯姆。是的，動物使用欺騙手段……他們捉弄其他動物的方式……這是一個令人著迷的領(lǐng)域。這一點我們才真正開始了解。男學(xué)生：是的。你知道，隨著時間的推移，選擇性的適應(yīng)是一回事……哦，就像無毒的蝴蝶看起來像有毒的蝴蝶……但是同一物種的動物故意互相欺騙的想法……我以前從未聽說過。

女教授：對，就像；呃，就像有些雄性青蛙會降低聲音，最終聽起來比實際的大。男學(xué)生：所以他們這樣做是為了防止其他青蛙入侵他們的領(lǐng)地。

女教授：對。大一點的青蛙聲音更深，所以如果小一點的青蛙能模仿那深沉的聲音，那么……男學(xué)生：是的，我能看出這是怎么回事。但呃……不管怎樣……我想問的是，當你開始談?wù)摬┺恼摃r，我對它有一點了解，但我不清楚它在生物學(xué)中的用途。女教授：是的……這對生物學(xué)來說是相當新的?；旧?，它使用數(shù)學(xué)來預(yù)測一個人在特定情況下會做什么。例如，一家公司出售……哦，比如說電腦。他們想把電腦賣給一所大大學(xué)。但也有另一家公司在競標。那么他們應(yīng)該怎么做呢？男生：好吧，試著提供最低的價格，這樣他們就可以競爭，但仍然可以賺錢。女教授：對，他們就像青蛙一樣，像游戲一樣競爭。定價過高有風(fēng)險，另一家公司可能會被出售……還有計算機的數(shù)量和類型需要考慮。每個公司都必須在成本和收益之間找到平衡。嗯，博弈論創(chuàng)建了數(shù)學(xué)模型，可以分析像這樣的不同條件來預(yù)測結(jié)果。

男學(xué)生：好的，我明白了。但它如何適用于動物呢？

女教授：嗯……你知道，如果你對這個話題感興趣，它會很適合你的學(xué)期論文。

男學(xué)生：文獻綜述？女教授：是的。查找三篇關(guān)于此的期刊文章。。。或者是你感興趣的另一個話題……并討論它們。如果結(jié)論中有沖突或其他什么…這將是重要的討論。男學(xué)生：嗯，從我對博弈論的理解來看……我不能說我了解很多統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。女教授：好吧，我可以給你指出一些相當基礎(chǔ)的研究……它們不需要太多的背景知識。你只需要回答幾個具體的問題……研究人員的假設(shè)是什么……他們想找出什么；他們是如何進行研究的……然后得出結(jié)論的。稍后將學(xué)習(xí)解釋統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。

三、A discussion about animal's deception托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.Why does the man go to see the professor?

A.To ask for help in choosing a topic for his term paper

B.To ask the professor to explain how to complete an assignment

C.To ask about a point raised in a recent lecture

D.To offer to help the professor with her research project

Q2:2.Why does the professor mention male frogs that lower their voices?

A.To give an example of a behavior that can be predicted using game theory

B.To reinforce the definition of"selective adaptation"

C.To give an example of deceptive behavior in animals

D.To compare the behavior of butterflies and frogs

Q3:3.Why does the professor talk about computers?

A.To help the man understand game theory

B.To describe how biologists analyze data about adaptation

C.To suggest a way for the man to find information about game theory

D.To explain the format required for the man's term paper

Q4:4.What does the man need to do for his term paper?

A.Interpret the statistical data in a journal article

B.Summarize the information in several published studies

C.Discuss a current controversy in biological research

D.Design an experiment that uses game theory

Q5:5.The man expresses reservations about the suggested topic for his term paper.What is the professor's attitude toward the man's reservations?

A.She thinks the man has demonstrated the necessary background in statistics.

B.She thinks the man should choose a topic he is more comfortable with.

C.She thinks the man should ask another student to help him understand the statistics.

D.She thinks the man's worries are unnecessary.

四、A discussion about animal's deception托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：B

A5:正確答案：D

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