Seminar on Rock Art劍橋雅思7聽力-原文翻譯及答案解析

一、Seminar on Rock Art聽力原文：

Good afternoon,everyone!

This is the first seminar in preparation for our archaeological fieldwork in Namibia;

we are fantastically lucky to have received partial research funding for this trip from our Institute,so I shall expect 200%attention and participation from you all.

First in this seminar,I'm going to give a brief introduction to contemporary research on rock art,and in the second part I'm going to give you some do's and don'ts for our fieldwork trip in April-so please listen very carefully.

I’m first going to focus on the interpretation of rock art in Namibia.

We are very fortunate to be going to an area where you can find some of the most important sites in the entire world.

And I hope to show you how easy it is for everyone to make mistakes in looking at cultures which are different from our own-the first and most important lesson we have to learn.

In Namibia there are both paintings and engravings-that's where the surface of the rock is cut out.

Many of the engravings show footprints of animals and most scholars used to think that the purpose of these was simple and obvious:this rock art was like a school book with pictures to teach children about tracks:which track belonged to which animal-giraffe,lion and so on.

But there were some mysteries.

First,when you look at a typical Namibian painting or engraving,you see the tracks are repeated,there are dozens of tracks for the same animal.

You'd expect just one clear illustration if the reason-the aim-was to teach tracking.

Now there were two more problems.

Why are some of the engravings of animals very accurate as you'd expect-all clearly identifiable-and others quite unrealistic?

And another mystery-some of these unrealistic animals-that's in the engravings-seem to be half human.

Some,for example,have got human faces.

Many researchers now think that these were pictures the wise men engraved of themselves.

They believed they could use magic to control the animals they had drawn,so the hunters could then catch them for food.

This shows you some of the dangers of coining from one culture to another,as we’ll be doing,without understanding it fully.

Scholars imagined that children looked at rock art pictures to learn to track-just because they themselves had learnt skills from pictures;

many researchers now believe that rock art had a much more complex purpose.

And we’ll talk more about it next week!

Now before I invite you to join in a discussion in this second part of the seminar,I'd like to make some very important points about our fieldwork-and in fact any field trip to look at rock art.

We're going to a number of sites,and we won't always be together.

The single largest problem faced by people who manage the sites is-yes,Tm sure you've guessed-damage caused by visitors,even though it's usually unintentional.

Whenever you do go to a site,don't forget you can learn many things from observing at a distance instead of walking all over it.

This can really help to reduce visitor pressure.

People often say,'Well,there's only two of us and just this one time’,but maybe thousands of people are saying the same thing.

And then some basic rules to guide you-we'll have our own camp near a village,but remember never to camp on a site if you go on your own.

It may be disrespectful to the people of that culture,and certainly don't make fires,however romantic it may seem.

It's really dangerous in dry areas’and you can easily burn priceless undiscovered material by doing so.

So,how are we going to enjoy the rock art on our field trip?

By looking at it,drawing it and photographing it–NEVER by touching it or even tracing it.

Rock art is fragile and precious.

Remember that climbing on rocks and in caves can destroy in a moment what has lasted for centuries.

So no heroics in Namibia,please!

Try to be extra careful and help others to be too.

And lastly please don't even move rocks or branches to take photographs–you should leave the site intact–I’m sure I can rely on you to do that.

Well,that’s about all I want to say before today's first discussion,but if you have any questions please ask them now-and don't forget you'll find some fascinating information about world-wide sites on the Internet.

Right,first question then?

二、Seminar on Rock Art聽力中文翻譯：

大家下午好！

這是為我們在納米比亞的考古實地工作準備的第一次研討會；

我們非常幸運地從我們的研究所獲得了這次旅行的部分研究資金，所以我希望你們能全力以赴，全力以赴。

首先，在本次研討會上，我將簡要介紹當代搖滾藝術研究，在第二部分中，我將向大家介紹我們4月份實地考察的一些注意事項，請大家仔細傾聽。

我首先將重點放在納米比亞的巖畫解讀上。

我們很幸運能去一個你能找到全世界一些最重要景點的地方。

我希望向大家展示，對于每個人來說，在看待不同于我們自己的文化時，犯錯誤是多么容易——這是我們必須學習的第一個也是最重要的一課。

在納米比亞，有繪畫和雕刻，這是巖石表面被切割的地方。

許多版畫上都有動物的腳印，大多數(shù)學者過去認為，這些版畫的目的很簡單，也很明顯：這幅巖畫就像一本有圖畫的教科書，教孩子們關于軌跡的知識：哪一條軌跡屬于哪一種動物——長頸鹿、獅子等等。

但也有一些謎團。

首先，當你看一幅典型的納米比亞繪畫或雕刻作品時，你會看到軌跡重復，同一種動物有幾十條軌跡。

如果原因——目的——是教跟蹤，那么你只需要一個清晰的例子。

現(xiàn)在還有兩個問題。

為什么有些動物版畫像你所期望的那樣非常精確——都可以清楚地辨認出來——而另一些則很不現(xiàn)實？

而另一個謎團——一些不切實際的動物——在雕刻中——似乎是半個人類。

例如，有些人有人臉。

許多研究人員現(xiàn)在認為這些是智者為自己雕刻的照片。

他們相信他們可以用魔法控制他們所畫的動物，這樣獵人就可以捕捉它們作為食物。

這向您展示了從一種文化創(chuàng)造到另一種文化的一些危險，正如我們將要做的那樣，沒有完全理解它。

學者們認為，孩子們看巖畫是為了學習追蹤——僅僅因為他們自己從畫中學到了技巧；

許多研究人員現(xiàn)在認為，巖畫的目的要復雜得多。

下周我們將對此進行更多討論！

現(xiàn)在，在我邀請你們參加研討會第二部分的討論之前，我想就我們的實地工作提出一些非常重要的觀點，事實上，任何考察巖畫的實地考察都是如此。

我們要去很多地方，但我們不會一直在一起。

管理網(wǎng)站的人面臨的最大問題是——是的，你一定猜到了——訪客造成的破壞，盡管這通常是無意的。

無論何時你去一個地方，不要忘記你可以通過遠距離觀察而不是到處走來學到很多東西。

這確實有助于減輕游客的壓力。

人們經(jīng)常說，‘嗯，只有我們兩個人，只有這一次’，但也許成千上萬的人都在說同樣的話。

然后是一些基本規(guī)則來指導你——我們會在村莊附近有自己的營地，但記住，如果你自己去的話，千萬不要在一個地方露營。

這可能是對那種文化的人的不尊重，當然也不要生火，不管它看起來多么浪漫。

在干旱地區(qū)，這真的很危險，你可以很容易地燃燒無價的未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的材料。

那么，我們在野外旅行中如何欣賞巖畫呢？

看著它，畫它，拍它——永遠不要觸摸它，甚至不要追蹤它。

巖畫是脆弱而珍貴的。

記住，在巖石上和洞穴中攀爬可以瞬間摧毀已經(jīng)持續(xù)了幾個世紀的東西。

所以請不要在納米比亞做英雄！

盡量格外小心，幫助別人也這樣做。

最后，請不要移動巖石或樹枝拍照，你應該保持原封不動，我相信你可以做到這一點。

好了，在今天的第一次討論之前，我想說的就這些，但是如果你有任何問題，請現(xiàn)在問他們，不要忘記你會在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上找到一些關于全球網(wǎng)站的迷人信息。

好吧，那么第一個問題是什么？

三、Seminar on Rock Art聽力問題：

Question 31-35

Complete the notes below.

Write ONLY ONE WORD for each answer.

SEMINAR ON ROCK ART

Preparation for fieldwork trip to Namibia in Rock art in Namibia may be

paintings

engravings

Earliest explanation of engravings of animal footprints

They were used to help learn about tracking

But:

Why are the tracks usually?

Why are some engravings realistic and others unrealistic?Why are the unrealistic animals sometimes half

More recent explanation:

Wise men may have been trying to control wild animals with

Comment:

Earlier explanation was due to scholars over-generalising from their experience of different culture.

Question 36-40

Complete the sentences below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

36 If you look at a site from a,you reduce visitor pressure.

37 To camp on a site may be disrespectful to people from that

38 Undiscovered material may be damaged by

39 You should avoid or tracing rock art as it is so fragile.

40 In general,your aim is to leave the site

四、Seminar on Rock Art聽力答案：

31.April

32.children

33.repeated

34.human

35.magic

36.distance

37.culture

38.fire/fires

39.touching

40.intact

五、Seminar on Rock Art聽力答案解析

31.April從試卷已給出的信息分析，此處要具體鎖定的答案信息為時間。根據(jù)錄音中的信息...I’m going to give you some do’s and don’ts for our fieldwork trip in April...可確定答案為April。注意April“四月”，月份為專有名詞，首字母須大寫。

32.children從試卷已給出的信息分析，此處要具體鎖定的答案信息為表示一類人的名詞。根據(jù)錄音中的信息...this rock art was like a school book with pictures to teach children about tracks...可確定答案為children。

33.repeated從試卷已給出的信息分析，此處要具體鎖定的答案信息為動詞的被動語態(tài)結構。試卷上but后是并列的三個疑問句，此題是第1個問題，根據(jù)錄音中的信息...you see the tracks are repeated...,對應試卷上已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的信息,確定答案為repeated。

34.human從試卷已給出的信息分析，此處要具體鎖定的答案信息為被half修飾的名詞。當錄音中講座者說And another mystery...時，預示著新的問題出現(xiàn)，接著講座者介紹說...that’s in the engravings—seem to be half human.，可確定答案為human。

35.magic從試卷已給出的信息分析，此處要具體鎖定的答案信息為名詞。根據(jù)錄音中的信息They believed they could use magic to control the animals they had drawn...，對應試卷上已出現(xiàn)的信息，確定答案為magic。

36.distance從試卷已給出的信息分析，此處要具體鎖定的答案信息為可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)。根據(jù)錄音中的信息...you can learn many things from observing at a distance instead of walking all over it.This can really help to reduce visitor pressure.，對應試卷上已出現(xiàn)的信息，observe對應試卷上的look at,確定答案為distance。

37.culture從試卷已給出的信息分析，此處要具體鎖定的答案信息為名詞。根據(jù)信息It may be disrespectful to the people of that culture...，對應試卷已經(jīng)給出的信息，確定答案為culture。

38.fire(s)在說完第37題后，講座者緊接著介紹說...and certainly don’t make fires...It’s really dangerous in dry areas,and you can easily burn priceless undiscovered material by doing so.，對應試卷上已給出的信息，確定答案為fires。

39.touching從試卷已給出的信息分析，此處要具體鎖定的答案信息為動詞，但空前的信息詞為avoid,avoid后面要跟doing sth.，所以要注意答案的準確度。錄音中講座者提到By looking at it,drawing it and photographing it—NEVER by touching it or even tracing it.，對應試卷上已出現(xiàn)的信息，確定答案為touching。

40.intact從試卷已給出的信息分析，此處要具體鎖定的答案信息為某種狀態(tài)。根據(jù)錄音中的信息...don’t even move rocks or branches to take photographs—you should leave the site intact...，對應試卷上已出現(xiàn)的信息，確定答案為intact。

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