New Wallpaper Designs托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

New Wallpaper Designs托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案，今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個問題。

一、New Wallpaper Designs托福聽力原文：

As the industrial revolution took hold in early 19th century,England. Uh,the increased availability of cheap goods made in the latest styles was taken advantage of by the rising middle class. Home decoration became very popular. And this LED to the popularity of mass produced carpets and wallpaper in all sorts of ornate patterns and bright colors. And while this explosion of manufacturing LED to breakthroughs in the kinds of designs that could be produced,it didn't necessarily lead to improvements in design quality.

According to a group of designers and social critics in England,who were known as design reformers. And we'll talk more about them in a minute. The great exhibition of 1851 in London,uh showcase,the new wallpaper designs and styles. There you had thousands of exhibits that were meant to celebrate how Good Contemporary manufacturing was. There were many,many machine made wallpapers on display there with prizes awarded to some of the best pieces. There are a lot of very detailed patterns and bright colors. Some papers had very realistic pictures and others had special effects like the illusion of depth.So you'd think this would be good. But the exhibition LED to outraged newspaper editorials,criticizing how poor public taste was. The British inspector general for art actually wrote a report specifically about the wallpaper at the exposition. In his view,the judges gave awards based on technical aspect,like the number of colors used in the papers,rather than on more traditional aesthetic criteria,like beauty or simplicity.

Uh,despite being a leader in industrial progress,England,by some accounts,seemed to be lagging behind its rival France in terms of design quality. And some design reformers worried that the nation could lose its advantage in international trade if designs weren't changed. So the new technical abilities in production introduced by the industrial revolution,uh,prompted or enabled these new wallpaper designs. You see,manufacturers had figured out how to use engraved metal rollers in the production of wall paper. Using metal rollers to print wallpaper allowed a level of extremely fine detail and shading that previously had not been possible. I mean,before the papers were being made by block printing,which was pretty imprecise,uh,plus the new production techniques made wall paper a lot cheaper to buy since it reduced production costs.

And these new wallpapers were popular. To the average industrialist,good design meant whatever sold the best,popular taste,equated ornate embellishment with excellence. So many manufacturers created wall papers with as much surface decoration as possible. Graphic elements from different areas were combined without regard to period or,or stylistic unity.And designs became increasingly cluttered.

All of which irritated design purists,even the Victorian era writers mock the wallpaper design trend. In his 1852 short story,a house full of horrors,the writer Henry Morley described the garish combination of mismatch design elements that represented the new style in wallpaper design. Quote,the paper in my parlor contains 4 kinds of birds of paradise besides bridges and pagodas. Wilkie Collins described another of the new wall papers as,quote,a gaudy pattern of birds,trellis work and flowers in red and green on a white background. And quote,one technique,in particular,became associated with the new wallpapers. Trompe I’oeil,um,Trompe I’oeil that's French for tricking or cheating the eye was a design technique that created visual illusions. So you'd have wallpaper that actually looked like marble or wood,grain,or maybe like aged leather.

Now,the design reform critics,they oppose this. They thought that Trompe I’oeil designs were inherently deceptive,because they made walls look like something they were not. This was also,this was the design reformers critique of the three dimensional illusions of death. To them,It was all a type of lying.So these designs were actually immoral. And..and according to their shaky logic,if people filled their houses with wallpapers that were visually deceitful,then the inhabitants would become deceitful,too. Yeah.Right.When they created wall papers,design,reform,advocates avoided illusions and visual deceptions. They created primarily geometric,two dimensional patterns,which they said would confirm the wall as a flat surface,rather than disguise or misrepresent it. And they used fewer and more subdued colors in their wallpaper. So it's probably not surprising that design reform products didn't do well in the marketplace. From the 1840s,on the three dimensional and Trompe I’oeil designs continue to sell in huge quantities despite their supposed corrupting influence. Meanwhile,design reforms,geometric patterns sold in small quantities,and were used mainly to decorate government buildings instead of homes.

二、New Wallpaper Designs托福聽力中文翻譯：

隨著19世紀初工業(yè)革命的爆發(fā)，英國呃，最新款式的廉價商品越來越多，這被不斷上升的中產(chǎn)階級所利用家庭裝飾變得非常流行這導致了大量生產(chǎn)的地毯和壁紙的流行，它們有各種華麗的圖案和鮮艷的顏色雖然制造業(yè)的爆炸性發(fā)展導致了可生產(chǎn)設計的突破，但這并不一定會提高設計質(zhì)量。

據(jù)英國一組被稱為設計改革家的設計師和社會評論家稱稍后我們將進一步討論它們1851年在倫敦舉辦的大型展覽展示了新的壁紙設計和風格在那里，你有成千上萬的展品，旨在慶祝當代制造業(yè)的卓越那里展出了許許多多機器制作的壁紙，其中一些最佳作品獲得了獎品有很多非常詳細的圖案和明亮的顏色有些報紙有非常逼真的圖片，還有一些報紙有特殊效果，比如深度錯覺。所以你會覺得這很好但這次展覽引發(fā)了憤怒的報紙社論，批評公眾品味有多差英國藝術總監(jiān)在博覽會上專門寫了一份關于壁紙的報告在他看來，評委們的獎項是基于技術層面的，比如論文中使用的顏色數(shù)量，而不是基于更傳統(tǒng)的審美標準，比如美或簡單。

嗯，盡管在工業(yè)進步方面處于領先地位，但據(jù)一些人說，英國在設計質(zhì)量方面似乎落后于其競爭對手法國一些設計改革者擔心，如果不改變設計，美國可能會失去在國際貿(mào)易中的優(yōu)勢因此，工業(yè)革命帶來的新的生產(chǎn)技術能力，促使或促成了這些新的壁紙設計你看，制造商已經(jīng)想出了如何在墻紙生產(chǎn)中使用雕刻金屬輥使用金屬滾筒打印壁紙，可以獲得以前無法達到的極其精細的細節(jié)和明暗效果我的意思是，在紙被木版印刷之前，這是非常不精確的，嗯，再加上新的生產(chǎn)技術使得墻紙買起來便宜得多，因為它降低了生產(chǎn)成本。

這些新壁紙很受歡迎對于一般的實業(yè)家來說，好的設計意味著任何賣得最好的東西，流行的品味，把華麗的裝飾等同于卓越因此，許多制造商創(chuàng)造了盡可能多的表面裝飾墻紙來自不同地區(qū)的圖形元素被組合在一起，不考慮時期或風格的統(tǒng)一性。設計變得越來越雜亂。

所有這些都激怒了設計純粹主義者，甚至維多利亞時代的作家也嘲笑壁紙設計潮流作家亨利·莫利（Henry Morley）在其1852年的短篇小說《充滿恐怖的房子》中描述了代表壁紙設計新風格的不匹配設計元素的華麗組合引述一下，我客廳里的報紙上除了橋梁和寶塔外，還有4種天堂鳥威爾基·柯林斯（Wilkie Collins）將另一份新墻紙描述為，引述一句話，白色背景上的鳥、格子和紅色和綠色花朵的華麗圖案引用一句話，有一種技術尤其與新壁紙相關trompei'oeil，嗯，trompeioeil是法語，用來欺騙或欺騙眼睛是一種創(chuàng)造視覺錯覺的設計技術所以你會有一張看起來像大理石、木頭、谷粒，或者像舊皮革的壁紙。

現(xiàn)在，設計改革批評家們反對這一點他們認為Trompe I'oeil的設計天生具有欺騙性，因為它們使墻壁看起來不像它們原來的樣子這也是，這是設計改革者對三維死亡幻覺的批判對他們來說，這都是一種謊言。因此，這些設計實際上是不道德的；而且，根據(jù)他們不可靠的邏輯，如果人們用視覺上具有欺騙性的壁紙?zhí)畛渌麄兊姆孔樱敲淳用褚矔兊闷垓_性；是啊正當當他們創(chuàng)造墻紙、設計和改革時，倡導者避免了幻想和視覺欺騙他們主要創(chuàng)造了幾何、二維圖案，他們說這將確認墻是一個平面，而不是偽裝或歪曲它他們在壁紙中使用的顏色越來越柔和因此，設計改革產(chǎn)品在市場上表現(xiàn)不佳可能并不奇怪從19世紀40年代開始，盡管三維和特羅普·伊爾的設計被認為具有腐敗的影響，但它們?nèi)栽诖罅夸N售同時，設計改革，

三、New Wallpaper Designs托福聽力問題：

Q1:What aspect of nineteenth-century interior design does the professor mainly discuss?

A.Ways that French designs affected popular taste in decorating in England

B.Elements that interfered with the international trade in wallpaper designs

C.The controversy over how much impact the design reform movement had on wallpaper patterns

D.The controversy over new wallpaper designs made possible by advances in technology

Q2:Why did design reformers criticize the wallpapers that won awards at the Exhibition of 1851?

A.The wallpapers were made using few colors and little ornamentation.

B.The wallpapers were selected for technical rather than aesthetic merit.

C.The wallpapers were poor imitations of French designs.

D.The wallpapers were not made of high quality paper.

Q3:What effect did the use of engraved metal rollers have on wallpaper production?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.It lowered the cost of making wallpaper.

B.It enabled the first printings of geometric patterns.

C.It reduced the use of trompe I'oeil design.

D.It allowed for the printing of very fine detail.

Q4:Why does the professor read descriptive passages from Victorian writers?

A.To point out the connection between interior design and literary form

B.To show why the new wallpapers irritated some critics

C.To demonstrate that the new wallpapers deserved poetic description

D.To show that wallpaper was centrally important to home decoration

Q5:What is the professor’s attitude toward design reformers who opposed trompe I’oeil wallpapers?

A.He is impressed by their ability to think critically.

B.He thinks they are misunderstood by other art critics.

C.He feels they were overly dependent on the latest technology.

D.He thinks their arguments lack credibility.

四、New Wallpaper Designs托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：D

A2:正確答案：B

A3:正確答案：AD

A4:正確答案：B

A5:正確答案：D

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