Nanotechnology:Technology on a Small Scale劍橋雅思10聽力-原文翻譯及答案解析

一、Nanotechnology:Technology on a Small Scale 聽力原文：

Today we’re going to look at an important area of science, namely nanotechnology.

So what is it?

Nano means tiny, so it's science and engineering on the scale of atoms and molecules.

The idea is that by controlling and rearranging atoms, you can literally create anything.

However, as we'll see, the science of the small has some big implications affecting us in many ways.

There's no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilisation.

However, all new technologies have their teething problems.

And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities.

Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people's fears about nanotechnology - with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realising it, or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world.

So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology?

Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and dear labelling.

They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories.

Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.

But as far as I'm concerned there's a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.

I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology.

We can't go around thinking that all innovation is bad, all advancement is bad.

As with the debate about any new technology, it is how you use it that's important.

So let's look at some of its possible uses.

Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with  the production of more durable metals.

These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present.

Those same improved capabilities will  dramatically reduce the cost of travelling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination.

In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes.

We need nanotechnology in order to create  a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory but will be about the size of a sugar cube.

Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power.

The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.

But nanotechnology has much wider applications than this and could have an enormous impact on our environment.

For instance, tiny airborne nano-robots could be programmed to actually rebuild the ozone layer, which could lessen the impact of global warming on our planet.

That's a pretty amazing thought, isn't it?

On a more local scale, this new technology could help with the clean-up of environmental disasters  as nanotechnology will allow us to remove oil and other contaminants from the water far more effectively.

And, if nanotechnology progresses as expected —as a sort of building block set of about 90 atoms—then you could build anything you wanted from the bottom up.

In terms of production, this means that you only use what you need and so there wouldn't be any waste.

The notion that you could create anything at all has major implications for our health.

It means that we'll eventually be able to replicate anything.

This would have a phenomenal effect on our society.

In time it could even lead to the eradication of famine through the introduction of machines that produce food to feed the hungry.

But it's in the area of medicine that nanotechnology may have its biggest impact.

How we detect disease will change as  tiny biosensors are developed to analyse tests in minutes rather than days.

There's even speculation nano-robots could be used to slow the ageing process, lengthening life expectancy.

As you can see, I'm very excited by the implications that could be available to us in the next few decades.

Just how long it'll take, I honestly don't know.

二、Nanotechnology:Technology on a Small Scale 聽力中文翻譯：

今天我們要看一個重要的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，即納米技術(shù)。

那是什么？

納米意味著微小，所以它是原子和分子尺度上的科學(xué)和工程。

這個想法是，通過控制和重新排列原子，你可以創(chuàng)造任何東西。

然而，正如我們將看到的，小科學(xué)在許多方面影響著我們。

毫無疑問，納米技術(shù)為人類文明帶來了巨大的希望。

然而，所有新技術(shù)都有其初期問題。

而對于納米技術(shù)，社會對其能力的認(rèn)識往往是錯誤的。

無數(shù)科幻小說和電影引發(fā)了人們對納米技術(shù)的擔(dān)憂，比如在你的身體中插入微型納米機(jī)器人，在你沒有意識到的情況下監(jiān)測你所做的一切，或者自我復(fù)制的納米機(jī)器人最終接管世界。

那么，我們?nèi)绾伪Ｗo(hù)這種潛在的強(qiáng)大技術(shù)呢？

一些科學(xué)家建議將納米顆粒作為新的化學(xué)品進(jìn)行單獨(dú)的安全測試和昂貴的標(biāo)簽。

他們認(rèn)為，實(shí)驗(yàn)室和工廠也應(yīng)更加小心處理納米粒子。

其他人則呼吁撤回化妝品等新型納米產(chǎn)品，并暫時停止多種納米技術(shù)研究。

但就我而言，有必要繼續(xù)探索納米技術(shù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)和應(yīng)用。

我真的相信，大多數(shù)科學(xué)家都會歡迎一種防止不道德使用此類技術(shù)的方法。

我們不能認(rèn)為所有的創(chuàng)新都是壞事，所有的進(jìn)步都是壞事。

正如關(guān)于任何新技術(shù)的辯論一樣，重要的是你如何使用它。

讓我們看看它的一些可能用途。

多虧了納米技術(shù)，運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域可能會有重大突破，生產(chǎn)出更耐用的金屬。

這些飛機(jī)可能幾乎不易破碎、更輕、更柔韌，從而使飛機(jī)重量比目前輕50倍。

這些改進(jìn)的功能將大大降低太空旅行的成本，使普通人更容易進(jìn)入太空，并開辟一個全新的度假目的地。

在技術(shù)方面，計算機(jī)行業(yè)將能夠?qū)⒂嬎銠C(jī)部件縮小到最小尺寸。

我們需要納米技術(shù)來創(chuàng)造新一代的計算機(jī)，這種計算機(jī)的工作速度更快，內(nèi)存將增加100萬倍，但只有方糖那么大。

納米技術(shù)還可以徹底改變我們的發(fā)電方式。

太陽能電池的成本將大大降低，因此利用這種能源將比目前經(jīng)濟(jì)得多。

但納米技術(shù)的應(yīng)用范圍比這要廣泛得多，并可能對我們的環(huán)境產(chǎn)生巨大影響。

例如，微小的機(jī)載納米機(jī)器人可以編程來實(shí)際重建臭氧層，這可以減輕全球變暖對地球的影響。

這是一個非常令人驚訝的想法，不是嗎？

在更為局部的范圍內(nèi)，這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)可以幫助清理環(huán)境災(zāi)難，因?yàn)榧{米技術(shù)將使我們能夠更有效地清除水中的石油和其他污染物。

而且，如果納米技術(shù)如預(yù)期的那樣發(fā)展——作為一種由大約90個原子組成的積木，那么你可以自下而上構(gòu)建任何你想要的東西。

就生產(chǎn)而言，這意味著你只使用你需要的東西，所以不會有任何浪費(fèi)。

你可以創(chuàng)造任何東西的想法對我們的健康有重大影響。

這意味著我們最終將能夠復(fù)制任何東西。

這將對我們的社會產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。

隨著時間的推移，它甚至可以通過引進(jìn)生產(chǎn)食物的機(jī)器來喂養(yǎng)饑餓的人，從而消滅饑荒。

但納米技術(shù)可能在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生最大的影響。

隨著微型生物傳感器的發(fā)展，我們檢測疾病的方式將發(fā)生變化，這種傳感器可以在幾分鐘而不是幾天內(nèi)分析測試結(jié)果。

甚至有人猜測納米機(jī)器人可以用來減緩衰老過程，延長預(yù)期壽命。

正如你所看到的，我對未來幾十年可能給我們帶來的影響感到非常興奮。

我真的不知道要花多長時間。

三、Nanotechnology:Technology on a Small Scale 聽力問題：

Question 31-33

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

31.The speaker says that one problem with nanotechnology is that

A. it could threaten our way of life.

B. it could be used to spy on people.

C. it is misunderstood by the public.

32.According to the speaker, some scientists believe that nano-particles

A. should be restricted to secure environments.

B. should be used with more caution.

C. should only be developed for essential products.

33.In the speaker's opinion, research into nanotechnology

A. has yet to win popular support.

B. could be seen as unethical.

C. ought to be continued.

Question 34-40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.Uses of Nanotechnology

Transport

?　Nanotechnology could allow the development of stronger

?　Planes would be much lighter in weight.

?　travel will be made available to the masses.

Technology

?　Computers will be even smaller, faster, and will have a greater

?　energy will become more affordable.

The Environment

? Nano-robots could rebuild the ozone layer.

?　Pollutants such as　could be removed from water more 　easily.

? There will be no　from manufacturing.

Health and Medicine

? New methods of food production could eradicate famine.

? Analysis of medical　will be speeded up.

? Life expectancy could be increased.

四、Nanotechnology:Technology on a Small Scale 聽力答案：

31.C

32.B

33.C

34.metal / metals

35.space / Space

36.memory

37.solar / Solar

38.oil

39.waste

40.tests

五、Nanotechnology:Technology on a Small Scale 聽力答案解析

31. C　該題的定位詞是題干中的problem，三個選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵信息分別是threaten our way of life、be used to spy on people 和misunderstood by the public。該部分開篇的內(nèi)容都是一些背景介紹，所以在聽了很多內(nèi)容以后，錄音提到However, all new technologies have their teething problems. 這句話中的problem 幫我們找到了題干的定位。然后錄音又說And  with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities. 這句話正好和選項(xiàng)C 中的“被大眾誤解”一致，所以答案選C。

32. B　該題的定位詞是scientists 和nano-particles，三個選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵信息分別是restricted to secure environment, be used with more caution 和only be developed for essential products。錄音中說Some scientists  recommend... 就一下找到了題干的定位。該句中提到的separate safety tests and clear labelling 和選項(xiàng)A 中的secure environments 不符，所以是干擾信息。再下一句錄音說They  believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories. 其中g(shù)reater care should be taken 就是選項(xiàng)B 中be used with more caution 的同義替換，所以答案是B。

33. C　該題的定位詞是research，三個選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵信息分別是“贏得了支持”“被視為不人道”以及“應(yīng)該繼續(xù)研究”。錄音中提到...many kinds of nanotech research 就幫助我們找到了定位。緊接著下一句說But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to plough ahead with the discoveries... 該句中的plough ahead 指的是“繼續(xù)挖掘”，連同前面出現(xiàn)的need，就是要表達(dá)有必要繼續(xù)研究納米技術(shù)，所以答案為C。

34.metals　該空格的定位詞是transport 和development of stronger，聽錄音前應(yīng)該判斷出該空格應(yīng)為名詞，并且空格前有stronger 這個比較級，所以聽的時候需要注意比較級后面的表達(dá)。在錄音中，我們先聽到了...there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation... 我們利用transportation 進(jìn)行定位，然后后面說...with the production of more durable metals. 在聽到more durable 的時候應(yīng)該反應(yīng)出后面聽到的名詞metals 就是答案，而且需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

35.space　該空格的定位詞是planes, lighter, weight, travel, available 和masses 這幾個容易聽到的實(shí)意詞，其中跟空格關(guān)系最近的應(yīng)該是travel，所以在聽錄音的過程中注意travel 前后出現(xiàn)的名詞或者形容詞。在錄音中，我們先聽到了lighter and much more pliable leading to planes... 這句話提到的是卷面上第二個圓點(diǎn)對應(yīng)的信息。也就提醒我們接下來應(yīng)該會提到旅游的問題，剛好下一句話...reduce the cost of travelling into space making it more... 中在travelling 后面就出現(xiàn)了一個space，剛好符合卷面上space travel 這個表達(dá)，所以答案是space。

36.memory　該空格的定位詞是technology, computers, smaller, faster 和greater，其中空格和greater 的關(guān)系最近，所以考生在預(yù)測答案的時候應(yīng)該注意聽smaller 和faster 之后的信息。錄音提到In terms of technology, the computer industry...down to minute size...that will work even faster... 這句話中的minute size 對應(yīng)卷面上的smaller，而computer 和faster 都在錄音中出現(xiàn)了原詞。接下來錄音說...will have a million times more memory but... 這句話中的more 就是卷面上的greater 的同義替換，因此more 后面出現(xiàn)的memory 就是答案。

37.solar　該空格的定位詞是energy 和more affordable，其中空格和energy 的關(guān)系最近，所以考生應(yīng)該著重聽表示能源的詞匯前后的名詞或者形容詞。錄音中說Nanotechnology could also... 其中的also 這個表示遞增關(guān)系的信號詞告訴考生信息來到了下一個圓點(diǎn)引出的層次。緊接著說...that we generate power，這里的power 就是卷面上energy 的同義替換。下一句The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced... 當(dāng)中的solar cells，即“太陽能電池”就等于卷面上的solar energy，因此答案就是solar。

38.oil　該空格的定位詞是pollutants such as 和removed from water，其中和空格關(guān)系最近的是pollutants such as。不過通常主動、被動語態(tài)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，因此在關(guān)注污染的同時，考生也需要注意could be removed 可能在錄音中變成主動語態(tài)。錄音提到...nanotechnology will allow us to remove oil and other contaminants from the water... 這句話中恰好是把卷面上的被動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成了主動語態(tài)，并且卷面上的pollutants 在錄音中被換成了contaminants，極容易被考生漏聽。因此該空格的答案是remove 后面出現(xiàn)的oil，這也是對污染列舉的一個例子。

39.waste　該空格的定位詞是no 和manufacturing，不過和空格關(guān)系最近的是no，因此考生應(yīng)該著重聽錄音中表示“沒有”和“無”后面的名詞。錄音中出現(xiàn)this means 這個表示解釋強(qiáng)調(diào)的信號詞，考生就應(yīng)該注意后面是說話人要強(qiáng)調(diào)的信息。之后錄音提到there wouldn’t be any waste，于是我們馬上找到了表示“沒有”的信息，因此答案為waste。

40.tests　該空格的定位詞是analysis of medical 和speeded up，通過讀題考生應(yīng)判斷出空格是一個名詞，并且是要分析的東西，還跟醫(yī)療有關(guān)系。錄音說...in the area of medicine that... 聽到medicine 時，考生應(yīng)該意識到答案馬上就要出現(xiàn)了。然后，接下來一句說...are developed to analyse tests in minutes rather than days. 我們聽到了要分析的東西，那就是我們需要的答案tests，而句子中的in minutes rather than days 是對卷面上be speeded up 的同義替換。

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